Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
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Item Use of Native American Healers Among Native American Patients in an Urban Native American Health Center(1998) Marbella, Anne M.; Harris, Mickey C.; Diehr, Sabina; Ignace, Gerald; Ignace, GeorgiannaItem Roll Call Voting Behavior of the U.S. Senate on Selected Health Legislation 1973-1982: Implications for Health Education(Sage, 1987-02-09) Thomas, Stephen; Robert, Gold; David, DuncanItem Social Conditions as Fundamental Causes of Disease(1995) Link, Bruce G.; Phelan, JoOver the last several decades, epidemiological studies have been enormously successful in identifying risk factors for major diseases. However, most of this research has focused attention on risk factors that are relatively proximal causes of disease such as diet, cholesterol level, exercise and the like. We question the emphasis on such individually-based risk factors and argue that greater attention must be paid to basic social conditions if health reform is to have its maximum effect in the time ahead. There are two reasons for this claim. First we argue that individually-based risk factors must be contextualized, by examining what puts people at risk of risks, if we are to craft effective interventions and improve the nation's health. Second, we argue that social factors such as socioeconomic status and social support are likely 'fundamental causes" of disease that, because they embody access to important resources, affect multiple disease outcomes throughmultiple mechanisms, and consequently maintain an association with disease even when intervening mechanisms change. Without careful attention to these possibilities, we run the risk of imposing individually-based intervention strategies that are ineffective and of missing opportunities to adopt broad-based societal interventions that could produce substantial health benefits for our citizensItem Lung cancer in African Americans. A call for action.(1998) Cooley, ME; Jennings-Dozier, KAbstract available at publisher's website.Item Ethnicity and cancer outcomes: Behavioral and psychosocial considerations.(1998) Meyerowitz, Beth E.; Richardson, Jean; Hudson, Sharon; Leedham, BethAbstract available at publisher's website.Item Racial disparities in reported prenatal care advice from health care providers.(1994) Kogan, M D; Kotelchuck, M; Alexander, G R; Johnson, W EAbstract available at publisher's website.Item Class, race, and infant mortality in the United States.(1993) Hogue, C J; Hargraves, M AAbstract available at publisher's website.Item Racial and socioeconomic disparities in childhood mortality in Boston.(1985) Wise, P H; Kotelchuck, M; Wilson, M L; Mills, MWe examined racial and income-related patterns of mortality from birth through adolescence in Boston, where residents have high access to tertiary medical care. Childhood mortality was significantly higher among black children (odds ratio, 1.24; P less than 0.05) and low-income children (odds ratio, 1.47; P less than 0.001). Socioeconomic effects varied for different age groups and causes of death. The largest relative disparity occurred in the neonatal and postneonatal periods, and the smallest in adolescence. Of the total racial differential in neonatal mortality (6.88 deaths per 1000 live births), 51.2 per cent occurred in premature infants, 13.4 per cent in term infants who were small for their gestational age, and 25.9 per cent in neonates who were both premature and small for their age. Black neonatal mortality was elevated at all income levels. Beyond the neonatal period, mortality from respiratory disease, fire, and homicide had strong inverse relationships with income, and mortality from injuries to the occupants of motor vehicles was directly related to income. These data suggest that despite access to tertiary medical services, substantial social differentiation in mortality may exist throughout childhood. Equity in childhood survival will probably require policies that emphasize preventive goals.Item Infant mortality in the United States: trends, differentials, and projections, 1950 through 2010.(1995) Singh, G K; Yu, S MAbstract available at publisher's website.