Human Development & Quantitative Methodology

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2248

The departments within the College of Education were reorganized and renamed as of July 1, 2011. This department incorporates the former departments of Measurement, Statistics & Evaluation; Human Development; and the Institute for Child Study.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Behavioral inhibition

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Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Neuroimaging studies of pediatric social anxiety: paradigms, pitfalls and a new direction for investigating the neural mechanisms
    (Springer Nature, 2013-07-12) Jarcho, Johanna M; Leibenluft, Ellen; Walker, Olga Lydia; Fox, Nathan A; Pine, Daniel S; Nelson, Eric E
    Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a common and debilitating condition that typically manifests in adolescence. Here we describe cognitive factors engaged by brain-imaging tasks, which model the peer-based social interactions that evoke symptoms of SAD. We then present preliminary results from the Virtual School paradigm, a novel peer-based social interaction task. This paradigm is designed to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating individual differences in social response flexibility and in participants’ responses to uncertainty in social contexts. We discuss the utility of this new paradigm for research on brain function and developmental psychopathology.
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    The Effects of Observed Friendship Formation on Group Level Peer Experiences: A Study of Behaviorally Inhibited Preschooler
    (2020) Fleece, Hailey; Rubin, Kenneth H; Human Development; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Early social withdrawal places children at a greater risk for later internalizing disorders and peer difficulties. However, positive friendships can serve as a buffer against this trajectory. Currently, very little is known about if friendships develop between preschool aged withdrawn children, and how this affects their group level peer processes. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether socially withdrawn children who made a friend demonstrated gains in social skills in their preschool classrooms over an 8-week period during which they had participated in an intervention designed to increase social interaction and decrease social reticence. Overall, the children who made a friend over the intervention period had less observed reticent behavior and more prosocial behavior in their preschool classrooms both before and after the intervention period. These children entered the intervention with more advanced social skills and were able to utilize them to develop a meaningful friendship.
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    AN INITIAL EVALUATION OF IBI VIZEDIT: AN RSHINY APPLICATION FOR OBTAINING ACCURATE ESTIMATES OF AUTONOMIC REGULATION OF CARDIAC ACTIVITY
    (2018) Barstead, Matthew; Rubin, Kenneth H; Human Development; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Photoplethysmogram (PPG) sensors are increasingly used to collect individual heart rate data during laboratory assessments and psychological experiments. PPG sensors are relatively cheap, easy to use, and non-invasive alternatives to the more common electrodes used to produce electrocardiogram recordings. The downside is that these sensors are more susceptible to signal distortion. Often, the most relevant measures for understanding psychological processes that underlie emotions and behaviors are measures of heart rate variability. As with all measures of variability, outliers (i.e., signal artifacts) can have outsized effects on the final estimates; and, given that these scores represent a primary variable of interest in many research contexts, the successful elimination of artefactual points is critical to the ability to make valid inferences with the data. Prior to the development of IBI VizEdit, there was no single, integrated processing and editing pipeline for PPG data. The present pair of studies offers and initial evaluation of the program’s performance. Study 1 is focused on the efficacy of a novel approach to imputing sections of particularly corrupted PPG signal. Study 2 tests the ability of trained editors to reliably use IBI VizEdit as well as the validity of estimates of cardiac activity during a prescribed set of laboratory tasks. Study 1 suggests that the novel imputation approach, under certain conditions and using certain parameterizations may hold promise as a means of accurately imputing missing sections of data. However, Study 1 also clearly demonstrates the need for further refinement and the consideration of alternative implementations. The results from Study 2 indicate that IBI VizEdit can be reliably used by trained editors and that estimates of cardiac activity derived from its output are likely valid.