Epidemiology & Biostatistics

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Subject: search.filters.subject.cardiovascular disease

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    Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Disease Across the Life Course
    (2023) Ng, Amanda Erin; Dyer, Typhanye; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    According to data from the National Center for Health Statistics, cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death in the United States, contributing to about 697,000 (or 1 in 5) deaths in 2020 alone. Given the public health burden of this disease, it is imperative that research identifies and continues to investigate population factors that may contribute to or alleviate this burden in the United States. The proposed study aimed to analyze such factors across the life course. Study 1 examined associations between an expanded set of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and childhood obesity among 10-17 year olds using the National Survey of Children’s Health, as well as sex and age differences within these associations. Study 2 investigated high optimism as a modifier and mediator of the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and CVD in midlife, using the Midlife in the United States Study, a U.S. prospective cohort. Study 3 examined temporal trends in the associations between adult socioeconomic status and CVD mortality using nationally-representative data from the 1997-2018 National Health Interview Survey.
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    Google Street View Derived Built Environment Indicators and Associations with State-Level Obesity, Physical Activity, and Chronic Disease Mortality in the United States
    (MDPI, 2020-05-22) Phan, Lynn; Yu, Weijun; Keralis, Jessica M.; Mukhija, Krishay; Dwivedi, Pallavi; Brunisholz, Kimberly D.; Javanmardi, Mehran; Tasdizen, Tolga; Nguyen, Quynh C.
    Previous studies have demonstrated that there is a high possibility that the presence of certain built environment characteristics can influence health outcomes, especially those related to obesity and physical activity. We examined the associations between select neighborhood built environment indicators (crosswalks, non-single family home buildings, single-lane roads, and visible wires), and health outcomes, including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality, at the state level. We utilized 31,247,167 images collected from Google Street View to create indicators for neighborhood built environment characteristics using deep learning techniques. Adjusted linear regression models were used to estimate the associations between aggregated built environment indicators and state-level health outcomes. Our results indicated that the presence of a crosswalk was associated with reductions in obesity and premature mortality. Visible wires were associated with increased obesity, decreased physical activity, and increases in premature mortality, diabetes mortality, and cardiovascular mortality (however, these results were not significant). Non-single family homes were associated with decreased diabetes and premature mortality, as well as increased physical activity and park and recreational access. Single-lane roads were associated with increased obesity and decreased park access. The findings of our study demonstrated that built environment features may be associated with a variety of adverse health outcomes.