Epidemiology & Biostatistics

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Using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes to Examine the Impact of Air Pollution Exposure on Infant Mortality in the United States
(2019) Ammons, Samantha; Nguyen, Quynh; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Background: The concentration of privilege in a geographic area can determine how vital resources are distributed among certain groups in that area, thus influencing a community’s health. High air pollutant exposure is often concentrated in deprived neighborhoods with lack of vital resources. Objective: Determine whether states with a high concentration of air pollution exposure have higher infant mortality rates (IMR) than states with lower concentrations of air pollution exposure. Methods: The Index of Concentration of the Extreme was utilized to measure the concentration of air pollution exposure for each state. Incidence Rate Ratios and 95% Confidence Intervals for state infant mortality rate were computed using Poisson regression in Statistical Analysis Software. Results: States with high concentrations of air pollution exposure had 19% lower IMR than states with low air pollution exposure (95%CI:0.70 – 0.94). Conclusions: These findings can enable researchers to conduct census-tract research on adverse health outcomes and societal distributions.