Psychology
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Item Black-White Differences in Reading Comprehension: The Measure Matters(2005-12-05) Sipe, Mina; Hanges, Paul J.; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Traditional reading comprehension tests have shown sizable Black-White mean subgroup differences. In this paper, I argue that part of the reason for this phenomenon lies in the atheoretical nature of existing tests and that the SIENA Reading Component Process Test© (RCPT), a new, theory-driven measure the cognitive components of reading comprehension shows reduced subgroup differences while still exhibiting a substantial relationship with a traditional reading comprehension test. Furthermore, I hypothesize that subcomponents of the SIENA RCPT© that rely on prior knowledge show greater subgroup differences than those subcomponents that do not require access to prior knowledge. Consistent with my hypothesis, the new SIENA RCPT© overall shows reduced subgroup differences compared to a traditional reading comprehension measure and evidence for convergent validity for the SIENA RCPT© is also found. Contrary to my hypothesis, the subcomponents of the SIENA RCPT© that rely on prior knowledge show less subgroup differences than those subcomponents that do not require access to prior knowledge.Item Follower Personality, Schema Structure, and Leadership Endorsement(2003-10-03) Sipe, Mina; Hanges, Paul J; Klein, Katherine; Schneider, Benjamin; PsychologyThis study investigated the relationship between followers'personalities and their cognitive schemas of self and leaders and examined whether these schemas were related to followers' endorsements of leadership styles. Undergraduates completed a five factor personality measure and explicit measures of their self-schemas and leadership schemas. Approximately one month later, they completed implicit measures of their self-scheams and leadership schemas and rated three types of leaders (charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented) in terms of liking or perceived effectiveness. Results showed that personality was related to both the self-schema and leadership schema such that people's self-schemas and their leadership schemas were consistent with their basic dispositional tendencies. In turn, the self-schema and leadership schema were useful in predicting leader liking and perceived leader effectiveness, respectfully. Explicit and implicit schema measures both supported hypothesized relationship, but they were differentially related to the variables of interest.