Psychology
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Item The Development and Testing of an Implicit Lie Detection System(2008-12-01) Roberts, Scott Peter; Sigall, Harold; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)A series of five experiments were conducted to explore whether Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz's (1998) Implicit Association Test (IAT), which purportedly measures implicit affective evaluations, could be modified to differentiate between honest and deceptive responding to forced-choice questioning. Experiments 1 and 2 demonstrated that a dual-discrimination task can in fact be useful in deception detection but that the relative reaction time differences run opposite in direction from those expected from the typical IAT bias pattern. Subsequent experiments assessed the procedure's susceptibility to simple countermeasures (Experiment 4) and tested variations to its trial sequence (Experiment 3) and stimulus presentation (Experiment 5). Neither of the two procedure variants was successful in producing above-chance predictions and instructions to delay reactions times to a constant latency sufficiently undermined the original procedure's efficacy. The applied limitations notwithstanding, the present research extends the relevance of dual-discrimination methodologies and supports the idea that biographical information is cognitively represented such that what is known to be true or false is implicitly associated with one's general concepts of "truth" and "lie" respectively.Item The Relationship Between Positive and Negative Features of Stereotypes(2006-05-08) Roberts, Scott Peter; Sigall, Harold; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)An experiment was conducted to directly test the cognitive link between positive and negative features of stereotypes. Participants were primed with either male or female faces and with positive or negative trait adjectives that were either stereotypic of women or gender-neutral. Response latencies to word/non-word judgments in a lexical decision task were compared. It was predicted that participants for whom the category male was accessible would demonstrate facilitated responses to congruently valenced prime-target pairs regardless of the prime's stereotypy. For those whom the category female was made salient, however, it was predicted that affective priming effects would be less pronounced when the prime word was also stereotypic of women. Results found inconsistent affective priming effects and no significant interaction between gender primes and stimuli characteristics.