College of Behavioral & Social Sciences

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    HIPPOCAMPAL SUBREGION VOLUME IN HIGH-RISK OFFSPRING PREDICTS INCREASES IN DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS ACROSS THE TRANSITION TO ADOLESCENCE
    (2020) Hubachek, Samantha Qirko; Dougherty, Lea R.; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    The hippocampus has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. This study examined whether youth hippocampal subregion volumes were differentially associated with maternal depression history and youth’s depressive symptoms across the transition to adolescence. 74 preadolescent offspring (Mage=10.74+/-.84 years) of mothers with (n=33) and without a lifetime depression history (n=41) completed a structural brain scan. Youth depressive symptoms were assessed prior to the neuroimaging assessment at age 9 (Mage=9.08+/-.29 years), at the neuroimaging assessment, and in early adolescence (Mage=12.56+/-.40 years). Maternal depression was associated with preadolescent offspring’s reduced bilateral hippocampal head volumes and increased left hippocampal body volume. Reduced bilateral head volumes were associated with offspring’s increased concurrent depressive symptoms. Furthermore, reduced right hippocampal head volume mediated associations between maternal depression and increases in offspring depressive symptoms from age 9 to age 12. Findings implicate reductions in hippocampal head volume in the intergenerational transmission of risk from parents to offspring.
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    RECURRENCE AND TIMING OF EXPOSURE TO MATERNAL DEPRESSION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF DEPRESSIVE AND CONDUCT SYMPTOMS IN CHILDREN WITH AND WITHOUT ADHD
    (2015) Wang, Christine; Chronis-Tuscano, Andrea; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    The current study examined the longitudinal associations between recurrence and timing of exposure to maternal depression and the development of depressive and conduct symptoms in children with and without ADHD. Methods: 125 children with ADHD and 122 comparison children, ages 4-6, were followed over an 8-year period (until age 12-14). Results: Total recurrence of maternal depression was associated with youth depressive and conduct symptoms. Moreover, early adolescent exposure to maternal depression predicted youth depressive symptoms for all children. Exposure to maternal depression during preschool, childhood, and early adolescence each independently predicted youth conduct symptoms. Child ADHD status moderated the link between total recurrence of maternal depression and youth depressive symptoms and the link between preschool exposure and youth depressive symptoms. Child ADHD status did not moderate relations between total recurrence and timing of exposure to maternal depression and youth conduct symptoms.
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    The effects of maternal depression on speech to pre-school children: Implications for language development
    (2012) Miller, Anna; Newman, Rochelle; Hearing and Speech Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    We examined whether a past history of maternal depression affects the manner in which mothers speak to their children, and whether any differences relate to child language development. To do this, we measured acoustic, temporal and content-based speech/language characteristics of 40 pre-school-aged children and mothers with and without a history of depression. Results indicated that children of mothers with a past history of depression exhibited significantly lower vocabulary scores than children of mothers unaffected by depression. However, no maternal speech/language variables appeared to account for this difference. Maternal pitch variability and number of negative utterances both were found to correlate with child vocabulary scores; however, neither variable was found to relate to prior depression status. We discuss possible explanations for these findings and implications for child language development.