School of Architecture, Planning & Preservation
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/1607
The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations.
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Item A Smart, Connected, and Sustainable Campus Community: Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensors to improve stormwater management at UMD/Greater College Park(2024) Hendricks, Marccus D.; Si, Qianyao; Alves, Priscila B. R.; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell A.; Davis, Allen P.; Burke, Tara; Bonsignore, Elizabeth M.; Baer, Jason; Peterson, Kaitlyn; Cotting, Jennifer; Gaunaurd, Pierre; Clegg, Tamara; Loshin, David; Fellow, Andrew; Keen, Taylor; Knaap, Gerrit-JanThis dataset is part of the research project titled “A Smart, Connected, and Sustainable Campus Community: Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensors to improve stormwater management at UMD/Greater College Park”. We use an Internet of Things (IoT) framework along with low-cost sensors to monitor and improve stormwater management on the University of Maryland Campus. This project provides real-time data that can inform both short term responses and longer-term adaptations to stormwater surface runoff. New buildings, the Purple Line, and other developments on the UMD campus will potentially increase the amount of impervious cover and thus increases the amount of surface runoff. Furthermore, as a result of climate change, the region is expected to experience more frequent and intense rainfall events over shorter periods of time. These two factors have implications for higher quantities of water on campus, pooling water, and potential localized flooding. Stormwater issues can affect the movement of people, goods and services, campus infrastructure, and students as they walk across campus exposing their belongings, and particularly their feet to wetter conditions. As part of more sustainable development, communities and campuses across the world, are beginning to plan for adaptations within the built campus environment to mitigate both larger scale stormwater issues as well as more practical everyday concerns, including wet pathways, and to meet and evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater permitting requirements. The research objectives for this project are fourfold: (1) Install low-cost stormwater sensors that measure water levels at a number of locations across campus that include high pedestrian traffic areas and major campus arterials; (2) Develop an online database for campus water levels; (3) Train students to install and read the stormwater sensors, manage the data platform, interpret the data (4) Use the data to write adaptation plans and designs to better manage stormwater on campus and, perhaps subsequently, downstream from campus. The dataset contains clean stormwater quality and quantity measurements collected from three different sites, along with processed data that describe runoff behavior during selected rainfall events and corresponding catchment characteristics (imperviousness, slope). The spatial data files provide location information for the outfall locations and the corresponding catchment boundaries. The R code provided includes data processing, statistical analysis, and visualization steps.Item Come hybrid or high water: Making the case for a Green–Gray approach toward resilient urban stormwater management(Wiley, 2023-02-07) Hendricks, Marccus D.; Dowtin, Asia L.120 years or more of unsustainable urban development has damaged the natural environment and disrupted essential ways to stabilize water body overflow and even mitigate pluvial flooding. In light of catastrophic flooding that has occurred globally, a renewed commitment to transforming built surfaces and incorporating more green infrastructures (GIs) has emerged. In fact, one could argue that an overcommitment to GI is being touted in the literature, but largely disconnected from more real-world possibilities, considering all things. In this commentary, we make the case that as cities transition from development patterns of the past and even considering climate-induced storm characteristics of the future, a hybridized solution (e.g., Green–Gray) should be considered. Smaller approaches to urban greening have been implemented in areas that need larger-scale restorations, thus proving to be insufficient. Likewise, the uncertainty surrounding rainfall and storm events has forced us to be more strategically balanced in our efforts to achieve resilience in our stormwater infrastructure. Hybridized solutions that include a diverse set of systems, anchored in local conditions, position us best for effective urban stormwater management. In the absence of such solutions, runoff volumes will continue to rise, flooding will prevail, and disenfranchised communities will remain disproportionately impacted by these impacts of urbanization.Item Moving Up the Ladder in Rising Waters: Community Science in Infrastructure and Hazard Mitigation Planning as a Pathway to Community Control and Flood Disaster Resilience(Ubiquity Press: Open Access, 2022-05-19) Hendricks, Marccus D.; Meyer, Michelle A.; Wilson, Sacoby M.Public participation is the democratic gateway to more just, inclusive, and resilient communities. However, infrastructure and hazard mitigation planning tends toward top-down, expert-driven processes that fail to meaningfully include communities most at risk of disasters. In this article, we critically examine the potential of citizen science in infrastructure and hazard mitigation planning with a focus on stormwater infrastructure and extreme wet-weather events, as floods are the most common disaster in the US. We review literature on various citizen science approaches, from crowdsourcing to community science, and offer a framework that situates them within Sherry Arnstein’s foundational piece on public participation, a “Ladder of Citizen Participation.” We discuss the opportunities different participatory methods offer for meaningful public involvement, knowledge generation, and ultimately community control and ownership of stormwater and flood infrastructure. We provide case study examples across the US of how public works departments, emergency management, and related organizations have engaged communities around hazard risks and flooding challenges, and offer recommendations for how these programs can be improved. We conclude that in order to produce data needed to mitigate flood disasters and increase trust and public interest in infrastructure needs, civic participation should be grounded in community science, utilizing a multimedia and technological platform. The methods applied and data generated can be leveraged toward public safety, and provide voice, agency, and power particularly to disenfranchised communities most at risk from current hazards and looming climate change impacts.