Urban and Regional Planning and Design
Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/26353
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Item Planning by Transnational Institutions: Can Big Be Beautiful?(Planner's Network, 2010) Irazabal, ClaraItem ¿Reemplazar, discutir o recuperar la noción de barrio? Comentarios Finales(Universidad Católica del Maule, 2019) Irazabal, ClaraItem Espacio, revolución y resistencia: Lugares ordinarios y eventos extraordinarios en Caracas(Organización Latinoamericana y del Caribe de Centros Históricas, 2012) Irazabal, Clara; Foley, JohnItem Immigration and Integration in Urban Communities: Renegotiating the City(Institute of Urban Studies, University of Winnipeg, 2010) Irazabal, ClaraItem Golden geese or white elephants? The paradoxes of world heritage sites and community-based tourism development in Agra, India(Taylor & Francis, 2011) Chakravarty, Surajit; Irazabal, ClaraThis study examines the relationship between World Heritage Sites (WHSs) and local community development in Agra, India. We investigate two interrelated themes: the role of planning in developing the tourism potential of the Taj Mahal and other WHSs in Agra, and the impact of the WHS framework on the development of the city. We analyze the weaknesses of the institutions and agencies responsible for Agra’s inability to convert the development potential created by its three WHSs into significant economic, community and infrastructure improvements. The Agra case reveals a set of developmental paradoxes, whereby the restructuring of the tourist industry induced by the designation of WHSs does not lead to proportionate advances in local community development. Several factors were found to be systemic problems, but some recent schemes are worth supporting and expanding. The paradoxes and potential of economic, tourism, and community development in Agra echo those of other developing localities which host WHSs around the world. Following an assessment of problems and challenges, a set of recommendations is directed toward the development of pro-poor, community-based heritage tourism with the aim of informing integrated planning for the community and for heritage and tourism resources in the future.Item Beyond ‘Latino New Urbanism’: advocating ethnurbanisms(Taylor & Francis, 2012) Irazabal, ClaraThis paper discusses the notion of Latino New Urbanism (LNU) and reflects on the significance of ethnic-based reformulations of urban practices and living preferences in Los Angeles and the potential these have for the transformation of policy making and development practices in the region and beyond. Can LNU truly avoid the pitfalls of New Urbanism and represent a new way of conceiving urbanism – one that is explicit and inclusive in its ways of recognizing and addressing ethnoracial and class diversity? Can LNU instead be intentionally or unintentionally used to mask some structural social problems that Latina/os face in the US? All of this poses questions related to the assessment of LNU in the context of tensions between structure vs. agency, diluting vs. celebrating ethnoracial differences, and oppressive vs. liberating urban design and community-building practices. Based on those considerations, I offer an alternate notion of multiple and evolving ethnurbanisms.Item Emerging issues in planning: ethno-racial intersections(Taylor & Francis, 2015) Gonzalez, Erualdo R.; Irazabal, ClaraItem Localizing Urban Design Traditions: Gated and Edge Cities in Curitiba(Taylor & Francis, 2019) Irazabal, ClaraGated communities and edge cities are new forms of space production and consumption that promote changes in the character of public space and citizens’ participation in public life. This study unveils the phenomena of their creation as a paradoxical attempt to return to community. Curitiba’s examples of gated communities and edge cities show that, despite being internationally showcased as a model of good planning and urban design, this metropolis has not been immune to the global capital pressures and urban design tendencies occurring in many urban areas throughout the world, thus signalling both the currency and trans-nationality of these issues.Item Gating Tegucigalpa, Honduras: The Paradoxical Effects of "Safer Barrios"(Taylor & Francis, 2019-10-01) Handal, Cristina; Irazabal, ClaraThis paper analyzes the paradoxical political and socio-spatial dynamics created by “Safer Barrios,” a security program that redefines notions of citizenship, governance, participation, and space in Tegucigalpa, Honduras. The rapid proliferation of street gates sanctioned by the state under this program is producing understudied effects both within and outside the gates throughout the city, a phenomenon that this study qualitatively analyzes. The findings reveal that these newly gated residential areas demand a more nuanced analysis than that which traditional gated communities have received in the past; this stems from their different constitution and consequences, particularly the program’s unique relationship to and sponsorship by the local government. The program paradoxically fosters a greater sense of community and safety for participants while negatively affecting mobility and sociability for the rest of city residents. The findings hold critical implications for city design, planning, and policy making.Item Políticas de fragmentación vs. prácticas de articulación: limitaciones y retos del barrio como dispositivo de planificación neoliberal en Chile(Spanish Geographical Association, 2019-05-31) Troncoso, Luis Francisco Letelier; Barria, Verónica Cecilia Tapia; Irazabal, Clara; Chioino, Patricia BoycoLa concepción dominante de barrio, basada en el enfoque neo-ecológico de la Escuela de Chicago, asume que las relaciones vecinales se producen en espacios delimitados, virtualmente desconectados de las totalidades urbanas y en torno a comunidades significativamente homogéneas y cohesionadas. Este artículo demuestra que: 1) En Chile, la utilización ideológica de esta concepción de barrio se ha vuelto hegemónica en las políticas públicas y en el ámbito académico, ha legitimado y reproducido la fragmentación del tejido social asociativo, y ha reducido la capacidad de los actores para participar en la producción de lo urbano; y 2) Pese a las restricciones institucionalizadas, es posible disputar el sentido de lo vecinal en base a la praxis territorial. El artículo analiza dos casos de estudio en los cuales, a partir de una base organizacional fragmentada, los actores fueron capaces de articularse de maneras que complejizaron sus marcos espaciales, diversificaron las formas y niveles de vinculación, y mejoraron la capacidad de incidencia de sus comunidades. Ambos casos muestran que las relaciones vecinales pueden ser entendidas más allá de la idea predominante de barrio, es decir, no constreñidas por delimitaciones físicas (lo que llamamos ‘vecinal cerrado’), sino con flexibilidad expansiva más allá de ellas (‘vecinal abierto’); no limitadas a comunidades homogéneas, sino organizadas en redes que articulan distintos tipos y modalidades de comunidad. The dominant neighborhood conception, based on the neo-ecological approach of the Chicago School, assumes that neighborhood relations occur in delimited spaces, virtually disconnected from urban totalities and around significantly homogeneous and cohesive communities. This article demonstrates that: 1) In Chile, the ideological use of this neighborhood concept has become hegemonic in public policies and in the academic sphere, has legitimized and reproduced the fragmentation of the associative social fabric, and has reduced the capacity of the actors to participate in the production of the urban; and 2) In spite of the institutionalized restrictions, it is possible to dispute the meaning of the neighborhood based on territorial praxis. The article analyzes two case studies in which, from a fragmented organizational base, the actors were able to articulate themselves in ways that made their spatial frames more complex, diversified the forms and levels of linkage, and improved the communities' capacity for advocacy. Both cases show that neighborhood relations can be understood beyond the predominant idea of neighborhood, that is, not constrained by physical delimitations (what we call 'closed neighborhood'), but with expansive flexibility beyond them ('open neighborhood'); not limited to homogeneous communities, but organized in networks that articulate different types and modalities of community.