Biology

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    What are the type, direction, and strength of species, community, and ecosystem responses to warming in aquatic mesocosm studies and their dependency on experimental characteristics? A systematic review protocol
    (Springer Nature, 2017-03-20) Guy-Haim, Tamar; Alexander, Harriet; Bell, Tom W.; Bier, Raven L.; Bortolotti, Lauren E.; Briseño-Avena, Christian; Dong, Xiaoli; Flanagan, Alison M.; Grosse, Julia; Grossmann, Lars; Hasnain, Sarah; Hovel, Rachel; Johnston, Cora A.; Miller, Dan R.; Muscarella, Mario; Noto, Akana E.; Reisinger, Alexander J.; Smith, Heidi J.; Stamieszkin, Karen
    Mesocosm experiments have become increasingly popular in climate change research as they bridge the gap between small-scale, less realistic, microcosm experiments, and large-scale, more complex, natural systems. Characteristics of aquatic mesocosm designs (e.g., mesocosm volume, study duration, and replication) vary widely, potentially affecting the magnitude and direction of effect sizes measured in experiments. In this global systematic review we aim to identify the type, direction and strength of climate warming effects on aquatic species, communities and ecosystems in mesocosm experiments. Furthermore, we will investigate the context-dependency of the observed effects on several a priori determined effect moderators (ecological and methodological). Our conclusions will provide recommendations for aquatic scientists designing mesocosm experiments, as well as guidelines for interpretation of experimental results by scientists, policy-makers and the general public. We will conduct a systematic search using multiple online databases to gather evidence from the scientific literature on the effects of warming experimentally tested in aquatic mesocosms. Data from relevant studies will be extracted and used in a random effects meta-analysis to estimate the overall effect sizes of warming experiments on species performance, biodiversity and ecosystem functions. Experimental characteristics (e.g., mesocosm size and shape, replication-level, experimental duration and design, biogeographic region, community type, crossed manipulation) will be further analysed using subgroup analyses.
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    POPULATION DYNAMICS OF EASTERN OYSTERS (CRASSOSTREA VIRGINICA) IN THE CHOPTANK RIVER COMPLEX, MARYLAND, DURING 1989 - 2015
    (2017) Damiano, Matthew; Wilberg, Michael J; Marine-Estuarine-Environmental Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    The eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) fishery in the Choptank River Complex (CRC) supports a large fraction of Maryland’s harvest. The CRC is also host to some of the largest oyster restoration projects in the world. Yet the relative effects of harvest and restoration on the population dynamics of oysters in the CRC have not been assessed. We developed stage-based population models for each region of the CRC in AD Model Builder using dredge survey and harvest data provided by Maryland Department of Natural Resources from 1989 to 2015. Natural mortality was low during 2004-2015 potentially due to increased resistance to the disease, Dermo. Recruitment was greatest in the late 1990s, 2010, and 2012, which caused an increase in abundance. These models will serve as the foundation of a simulation model that will be used to help fishery stakeholders evaluate management and restoration options in the CRC.