Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
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Item LE TEXTE ÈZILIPHONIQUE: ‘PENSER LA VOIX’ DANS LA FICTION DE ROMANCIÈRES HAÏTIENNES CONTEMPORAINES: LA DANSE SUR LE VOLCAN DE MARIE VIEUX-CHAUVET, LE LIVRE D’EMMA DE MARIE-CÉLIE AGNANT ET FADO DE KETTLY MARS(2019) JOSEPH MASSENA, Cae; Orlando, Valérie K; Parisot, Yolaine; French Language and Literature; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Cette dissertation examine les romans de trois auteures haïtiennes contemporaines : La Danse sur le volcan de Marie Vieux-Chauvet, Le Livre d’Emma de Marie-Célie Agnant et Fado de Kettly Mars. Dans chacun des romans assemblés dans ce corpus, ma recherche révèle que la narration est organisée autour d’un processus vocal spécifique associé à la métamorphose mystérieuse de la protagoniste principale. Au travers d’une approche critique de la voix, j’envisage ces métamorphoses provoquées par des processus vocaux comme des métamorphoses vocales. En appliquant une grille théorique issue de l’épistémologie vodou, de la critique littéraire et des études sur la voix, je fais l’hypothèse que ces métamorphoses vocales sont une forme de mobilisation narrative des spécificités vocales de la divinité vodou Ezili. Je conceptualise donc les textes de ce corpus comme des textes èziliphoniques. Je forme l’adjectif èziliphonique à partir de la conjonction du nom propre Ezili et du mot « phonique » qui fait référence à la voix ou au son de la parole. Je fais l’hypothèse qu’en mettant l’accent sur la voix et la vocalité comme centrales dans la subjectivité des femmes diasporiques au sein de leurs textes èziliphoniques, les auteures développent des modalités centrées sur la voix et croisées à leurs expériences genrées qui leur permettent de questionner, subvertir et transgresser les compréhensions restreintes de l’humain au sein de leurs contre-récits.Item Can voice harm team performance?: The role of relationship conflict and trust(2018) Baker, Bradley Edward; Chen, Gilad; Business and Management: Management & Organization; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Despite research substantiating the idea that when team members voice ideas and suggestions their team can perform better, some scholars have warned that voice can also harm team performance. Yet, our understanding of when, why, and how voice can undermine team functioning is still limited. Attempting to address these research gaps, I integrate and build on threat rigidity theory and regulatory focus theory to propose that the reason why voice has the potential to undermine team performance is because it can trigger relationship conflict – and that prohibitive voice, as compared to promotive voice, has a greater potential to trigger relationship conflict, especially when team trust is low. I test this theory using a time-lagged, laboratory study with 87 teams, as well as a time-lagged, multi-source field study with 49 teams of U.S. Air Force officers. Across studies, I largely do not find support for my hypotheses. For example, opposite of my predictions, it appears that both promotive and prohibitive voice have either a non-significant or negative effect on relationship conflict; however, I find partial support for the hypothesis that trust moderates the relationship between prohibitive voice and relationship conflict. Despite these mixed findings, this research contributes to the voice, teams, relationship conflict, and trust literatures by empirically investigating whether voice can undermine team performance.Item Context Matters: Intertextuality and Voice in the Early Modern English Controversy about Women(2014) Ray, Maggie Ellen; Coletti, Theresa; Donawerth, Jane; English Language and Literature; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This dissertation examines three clusters of works from the early modern English controversy about women--the debate about the merits and flaws of womankind--in order to argue that authors in the controversy took advantage of the malleability of women's voices to address issues beyond the worth of women. I depart from standard treatments of the controversy by giving priority to the intertextual contexts among works that engage with one another. Attending to the intertextual elements of this genre reveals the metapoetic concerns of the authors and the way such authors fashion their feminine apologists as discursive agents in order to express those concerns. Chapter 1 examines Edward Gosynhyll's sixteenth-century works in tandem with Geoffrey Chaucer's The Legend of Good Women and "The Wife of Bath's Prologue and Tale," arguing that Gosynhyll's revisions of Chaucer--revisions embodied by the feminine apologists in the texts--are integral to his project of establishing the controversy genre as multivalent and dialectical. The resulting metacommentary examines in a new light the age-old rhetorical tradition of exemplarity, a persuasive tool used in diverse literary genres. Chapter 2 considers the way the anonymous play Swetnam the Woman-Hater uses cross-voicing and cross-dressing to establish the performative nature of controversy conventions. In doing so, the play argues for the social benefits of abandoning essentialist logic in favor of gender performance, as such performance makes the role of apologist available to men and women alike. This cluster reconsiders the very processes by which a person--male or female--can be known to others. Finally, I trace John Taylor's use of the marginal woman in his controversy works in order to demonstrate the extent to which Taylor makes these women instrumental in establishing his own poetic and social identity. This project contributes to studies on the English controversy as well as to the field of early modern women and women's writing by arguing that authors found the genre generally and the woman's voice specifically to be fit vehicles for articulating poetic agendas beyond the immediate task of debating the nature of womankind.Item Vocal Dysfunction in Young-onset Parkinson's Disease(2004-08-10) Bassich-Zeren, Celia J.; McCall, G N.; Hearing and Speech Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Vocal dysfunction is well established in persons with older-onset Parkinson's disease (PD), but has not been investigated in the young-onset PD (YOPD) population. Voice deficits associated with older-onset PD mirror the characteristics of vocal aging, suggesting that our current knowledge base of laryngeal dysfunction in the PD population is confounded by aging effects. The purpose of this study was threefold: (a) to examine perceptual voice characteristics and the potential impact of voice symptoms on quality of life; (b) to compare YOPD and healthy control (HC) speakers' performance on two routinely used clinical tasks (sustained vowel phonation and laryngeal diadochokinesis); and (c) to experimentally manipulate and compare speakers' performance in producing phonatory offset-onset gestures as reflected in four phonetic contexts (each eliciting a different mechanism) across three speaking modes. Twelve YOPD speakers and twelve healthy control (HC) speakers participated. YOPD speakers reported voice symptoms of hypophonia, tremor, hoarseness, monotone, and impaired speech intelligibility. They demonstrated a mild to moderate voice handicap. Findings revealed no speaker group differences for speech intensity on sustained vowel phonation and reading tasks. YOPD speakers demonstrated a significantly decreased rate of syllable repetition and used a significantly greater number of pauses during production of one of two laryngeal diadochokinetic tasks. Acoustic measures associated with mechanisms of phonatory offset-onset demonstrated trends of speaker group differences, suggesting that YOPD speakers have impaired voicing control for mechanisms of phonatory offset-onset not associated with oral constriction. Intra-speaker group variability was observed for YOPD speakers. Inspection of speaker groups' performance across speaking modes suggested a disruption in the habitual setting of laryngeal posture in YOPD speakers; namely, they use a laryngeal postural setting that is similar to that observed in HC speakers when speaking in an aspirant or breathy voice mode. Speech masking facilitated a speaking mode change in YOPD speakers and could provide an effective and efficient treatment method for training persons with YOPD to speak in a projected mode. Vocal dysfunction is associated with YOPD and voice symptoms can appear early in the disease process, sometimes preceding onset of limb symptoms. Persons with YOPD should be routinely assessed for vocal dysfunction.