Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
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Item The Institutionalization of Photojournalism Education: Bringing the Blue-Apron Ghetto to American Schools of Journalism(2017) Paddock, Stanton M.; Chinoy, Ira; Journalism; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)As journalism educators wrestle to keep programs up-to-date in an evolving news landscape, there is value in understanding how education in an early form of multimedia journalism — photography — came to be. Little attention has been paid to the intersection of journalism education and photojournalism. This subject furnishes a unique perspective on photojournalism’s professionalization. This dissertation examines the history of university-level photojournalism education in the early and mid 20th century by asking what influenced the creation, diffusion, and adoption of photojournalism pedagogy in American higher education and what the consequences were. Neo-institutional theory’s focus on legitimacy supports exploration of evolving organizational norms in photojournalism education. Contemporary writings on higher education, journalism education, and photojournalism reveal important environmental conditions. Shifting educational principles are tracked via records of journalism education groups. Analysis of textbooks elucidates evolving practices and opinions. Archival case studies of journalism programs at the University of Maryland and the University of Georgia provide detailed examples of evolving approaches to photojournalism education. Illuminated are deep-seated issues: the struggle for legitimacy, tension between practical skills and critical thinking, and the relationship between textual and visual journalism. Efforts to establish photojournalism education occurred well after the establishment of textual journalism education. Both faced similar challenges, including concerns about skill-based learning in higher education. But photojournalism education’s acceptance was initially hindered because it clashed with journalism education’s hard-won image as suitable in liberal arts institutions. Later, rapid expansion of interest in providing photojournalism courses promoted homogenization. The changing environment featured constant uncertainty. This perpetuated isomorphism in which the initial range of approaches narrowed and photojournalism offerings became more alike. This dissertation concludes that choices at both the local and national levels in photojournalism education were made to project outward legitimacy. The resulting curricula were not necessarily the best, most useful, efficient, or practical. Local factors — staffing, accreditation, location, mission, school type, and receptivity to innovation — were influential. Wider environmental factors also played a role as journalism education was institutionalized. Today, in facing the challenge of incorporating new reporting methods, journalism educators must recognize the wide variety of factors and influences that may be involved.Item Creating a Space in the Medical Profession: Female Physicians, Maternalism, and Eugenics Work in Weimar and Nazi Germany(2011) Kravetz, Melissa; Herf, Jeffrey; History; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This dissertation examines the history of female physicians' work in marriage counseling centers, in school health reform, and in the movements against alcoholism, venereal disease, and prostitution during the Weimar Republic (1919-1933), and in organizations like the Bund Deutscher Mädels (League of German Girls; BDM) and the Reichsmütterdienst (Reich Mothers' Service), as well as their efforts in the racial hygiene and anti-tobacco campaigns during the Third Reich (1933-1945). In this study, I ask how and why women occupied particular fields within the medical profession in these years, and how women doctors reconciled their medical perspectives with their views of the Weimar and later the Nazi state. Focusing primarily on those women doctors who were members of the Bund Deutscher Ärztinnen (League of German Female Physicians, BDÄ), this dissertation demonstrates that female physicians used primarily maternalist and to a lesser extent eugenic arguments to make a case for their presence in these medical spaces. This dissertation draws primarily on women doctors' own interpretations of their work in the organization's journal, Die Ärztin (The Female Physician), and also utilizes the publications, personal papers, and memoirs of professionally and politically active members of the BDÄ. Female physicians argued that they could best serve the Weimar medical profession because the caring and nurturing nature of their work was an extension of their domestic responsibilities. Additionally, they claimed to fit well with Nazi ideology because they were dedicated to motherhood and to preserving the Volksgesundheit (people's health) and creating the Volksgemeinschaft (people's community). I argue that supporting women's traditional societal roles as well as eugenics discourse were means by which female physicians advanced in the male-dominated medical profession. By working in marginalized spaces (which they helped to create) where they treated only women and children, they shielded themselves from male doctors' attention, thereby enhancing their own autonomy and their authority in women's and children's medicine. I show that by advocating eugenics and accentuating their feminine and motherly qualities, women were able to secure jobs and even broaden their medical roles to become political and educational advocates for women in an otherwise hostile work environment.