Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
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Item Integration of virus-like particle macromolecular bioreceptors in electrochemical biosensors(2016) Zang, Faheng; Ghodssi, Reza; Electrical Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Rapid, sensitive and selective detection of chemical hazards and biological pathogens has shown growing importance in the fields of homeland security, public safety and personal health. In the past two decades, efforts have been focusing on performing point-of-care chemical and biological detections using miniaturized biosensors. These sensors convert target molecule binding events into measurable electrical signals for quantifying target molecule concentration. However, the low receptor density and the use of complex surface chemistry in receptors immobilization on transducers are common bottlenecks in the current biosensor development, adding to the cost, complexity and time. This dissertation presents the development of selective macromolecular Tobacco mosaic virus-like particle (TMV VLP) biosensing receptor, and the microsystem integration of VLPs in microfabricated electrochemical biosensors for rapid and performance-enhanced chemical and biological sensing. Two constructs of VLPs carrying different receptor peptides targeting at 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) explosive or anti-FLAG antibody are successfully bioengineered. The VLP-based TNT electrochemical sensor utilizes unique diffusion modulation method enabled by biological binding between target TNT and receptor VLP. The method avoids the influence from any interfering species and environmental background signals, making it extremely suitable for directly quantifying the TNT level in a sample. It is also a rapid method that does not need any sensor surface functionalization process. For antibody sensing, the VLPs carrying both antibody binding peptides and cysteine residues are assembled onto the gold electrodes of an impedance microsensor. With two-phase immunoassays, the VLP-based impedance sensor is able to quantify antibody concentrations down to 9.1 ng/mL. A capillary microfluidics and impedance sensor integrated microsystem is developed to further accelerate the process of VLP assembly on sensors and improve the sensitivity. Open channel capillary micropumps and stop-valves facilitate localized and evaporation-assisted VLP assembly on sensor electrodes within 6 minutes. The VLP-functionalized impedance sensor is capable of label-free sensing of antibodies with the detection limit of 8.8 ng/mL within 5 minutes after sensor functionalization, demonstrating great potential of VLP-based sensors for rapid and on-demand chemical and biological sensing.Item Development of a ZnO/SiOsub2/Si High Sensitivity Interleukin-6 Biosensor(2007-04-05) Krishnamoorthy, Soumya; Iliadis, Agis; Electrical Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Biosensors offer the opportunity to sense biological material providing valuable information for medical diagnostics and monitoring of pathogens in the environment. Thus the development of high sensitivity, cost effective, real-time and portable biosensors is of primary importance. This thesis presents the development of a ZnO/SiOsub2/Si based CMOS compatible biosensor, for the real-time detection of interleukin-6 (IL-6). In this work, high quality ZnO films were grown on SiOsub2/Si substrates by pulsed laser deposition. A protein immobilization procedure for binding the IL-6 protein to the ZnO active area was developed and the morphology of the bio-molecules was studied using SEM and AFM techniques for the first time. A modified solid-phase Enzyme linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique was developed to measure the mass of protein bound onto the oxide surface. The study resulted in a mass of 0.364 pg/ml of IL-6 bound onto ZnO for an applied mass of 0.5 ng/ml. A guided shear mode surface acoustic wave (SAW) device in the ZnO/SiOsub2/Si system, with ZnO as the guiding layer on a SiOsub2/Si substrate, was modeled and fabricated. Two devices, operating at 708 MHz (device A) and 1.5 GHz (device B) were developed. The mass sensitivities of these devices were calibrated by applying a known copolymer mass in a window area opened in the SAW devices and by measuring the frequency shift due the application of the mass. The maximum mass sensitivity of devices A and B was 4.162 μm²/pg and 8.687 (μm²/pg) for ZnO guiding layer thickness of 340 nm and 160 nm respectively. A technique to apply IL-6 directly onto the SAW sensor surface was developed. For an applied IL-6 mass ranging from 20ng/ml - 2 μg/ml, applied in a 20x20 μm2 sensing area, the device measures IL-6 masses in the range of 1.2 fg-76.45 fg. A proof-of-concept experiment for the biosensor was setup with normal human serum to detect the presence of IL-6 in trace amounts. The device predicts three times as much IL-6 mass for normal human serum derived from pooled donors under the age of 55 as compared to that from a donor over the age of 55. This is understood to be the result of age related increased IL-6 levels and was independently confirmed through ELISA measurements. The ZnO/SiOsub2/Si sensor system therefore enables highly sensitive mass detection of the IL-6 protein to be realized.