Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
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Item EQUITY ISSUES IN ELECTRIC VEHICLE ADOPTION AND PLANNING FOR CHARGING INFRASTRUCTURE(2024) Ugwu, Nneoma; Niemeier, Deb; Civil Engineering; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Electric Vehicles (EVs) offer a sustainable solution to fossil fuel dependency and environmentalpollution from conventional vehicles, crucial for mitigating climate change. However, low market penetration among minority and low-income communities raises equity and environmental justice concerns. This dissertation examines EV adoption and charging station access disparities in Maryland, focusing on sociodemographic factors such as race and income. To address the lack of minority representation in existing EV research surveys, we conducted anonline survey targeting people of color (POC) and low-to-moderate-income households. We received 542 complete responses. Ordinal regression models were used to analyze factors influencing EV interest. We then performed a cumulative accessibility study of EV infrastructure in Maryland. Pearson correlation analysis was used to show the relationship between charging station accessibility and sociodemographics. Population density showed a strong positive correlation (0.87) with charging deployment. We found that Baltimore City, had the highest population density and the highest concentration of EV charging in Maryland. We conducted a case study of Baltimore City’s EV infrastructure investments and policy efforts. Charging stations were categorized based on speed, network, access, and facility type. Spatial analysis andZero-Inflated Poisson (ZIP) regression models at the block group level were employed to investigate the disparities in EV charging infrastructure distribution within the City across minority and non-minority communities. Our findings show substantial disparities in EV perceptions between POC and Whitecommunities. The survey revealed that POC were more than twice more likely than White respondents to indicate that the availability of charging stations affects their interest in EV adoption, while the case studies revealed that POC populations are less likely to have access to EV infrastructure, necessitating targeted investment in charging options and subsidies in these communities. Our study also found the need for policies fostering residential charging station deployment, particularly in minority communities. To ensure equitable EV adoption, strategic investments in economically disadvantaged and rural areas beyond centralized regions are vital. This study informs evidence-based policies prioritizing accessibility, equity, and inclusivity in promoting a cleaner and sustainable transportation landscape.Item Substance Abuse Treatment Dropout: Examining the Interacting Effect of Distress Tolerance with Intention and Motivation(2015) Ali, Bina; Green, Kerry M.; Public and Community Health; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Despite the knowledge that residential substance abuse treatment completion is effective in improving outcomes among chronic substance users, a large proportion of African American residential treatment-seeking substance users experience premature treatment dropout. Previous studies have examined the predictors of early substance abuse treatment dropout; however, a deeper understanding of the conditions that influence treatment dropout among urban African American substance users is limited. Taking the perspectives of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Stages of Change Model, and the Negative Reinforcement Model, this study examined (1) the interacting effect of intention to complete treatment and distress tolerance on treatment dropout, and (2) the interacting effect of motivation to change substance use behavior and distress tolerance on treatment dropout in a sample of urban African American treatment-seeking substance users. Data were collected from 81 African American substance users entering residential substance abuse treatment facility in an urban setting. Participants completed measures assessing intention to complete treatment, motivation to change substance use behavior, and distress tolerance, as well as measures assessing psychiatric comorbidities, impulsivity, previous treatment, treatment barriers, court-mandated treatment, and demographic information. Participants also engaged in a behavioral measure of distress tolerance. Treatment dropout data were obtained using administrative records of the treatment center. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that only the interaction between motivation and self-reported distress tolerance was significant in predicting the likelihood of treatment dropout after controlling for relevant covariates, including employment, psychiatric comorbidities, and court-mandated treatment status. Probing of this interaction effect showed that higher motivation was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of treatment dropout among substance users with higher distress tolerance, but not in substance users with lower distress tolerance. Findings of the study suggest that higher motivation and higher distress tolerance may be both necessary for reducing the risk of treatment dropout among urban African American treatment-seeking substance users. Interventions to decrease treatment dropout among substance users may benefit by incorporating motivational strategies, such as motivation interviewing, and distress tolerance skills into their programs to reduce treatment dropout.Item THE EFFECTS OF LOW-VOLUME/MODERATE-INTENSITY AEROBIC TRAINING ON METABOLIC SYNDROME COMPONENTS IN MORBIDLY OBESE MINORITY ADOLESCENTS(2010) Many, Gina Marie; Hagberg, James M.; Kinesiology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Despite the increased prevalence of obesity and associated diseases among pediatric minorities, the intensity-specific effects of aerobic training have not been examined extensively in adolescent minorities. Fifteen morbidly obese, sedentary and insulin-resistant Black and Latino adolescents completed two-months of low-volume/moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training to examine the effects of training on three phenotypes dysregulated in obese and physically inactive states: insulin sensitivity (SI); fibrinolytic potential, as indicated by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels; and chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, as indicated by C-reactive protein (CRP). In response to training, SI increased ~37% (1.00 ± 0.15 to 1.37 ± 0.26 mU.L^-1min^-1, p<0.05) and t-PA antigen levels increased ~15% (6.34 ± 0.51 to 7.32 ± 0.85 ng/mL, p<0.05). No significant changes in CRP or PAI-1 antigen were observed. Our findings demonstrate that aerobic training improves insulin sensitivity and fibrinolytic potential in morbidly obese minority adolescents.Item After Empire: Ethnic Germans and Minority Nationalism in Interwar Yugoslavia(2008-11-30) Lyon, Philip; Lampe, John R; History; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)This study traces the (ethnically German) Danube Swabians' embrace of national identity in interwar Yugoslavia with attention to the German national movement's antecedents in Croatia-Slavonia and Vojvodina under the Habsburgs. We examine the important role of German national activists in Yugoslavia and survey the institutions they built to stimulate, shape and mobilize Yugoslavia's German population as a specifically national minority based on the Swabians' history and collective memory as colonists in the region. Thereafter, we discuss the rift that emerged inside the German minority during the 1930s, when the German leadership and its conservative variety of German nationalism were confronted by brash, young challengers who sought to "renew" the German minority in a Nazi image. These young enthusiasts for National Socialism directed their extreme nationalism not at the repressive Yugoslav authorities, but rather at their older rivals in the Germans' main cultural and political organization, the Kulturbund. German culture and national authenticity became key criteria for German leadership in this struggle to control the Kulturbund. Meanwhile, German Catholic priests also resisted the Nazi-oriented Erneuerungsbewegung insurgency. Ultimately, we see in this clash of generations both support for and resistance to local manifestations of Nazism in Southeastern Europe. One of this study's major finds is the stubborn endurance of national indifference and local identity in Southeastern Europe throughout interwar period, when national identity was supposed to be dominant. Many Germans embraced national identity, but certainly not all of them. The persistence of this indifference confounded the logic of twentieth century nationalists, for whom national indeterminacy seemed unnatural, archaic, and inexplicable. Even after years of effort by German nationalist activists in the nationalized political atmosphere of interwar Yugoslavia, some ethnic Germans remained indifferent to national identity or else identified as Croats or Magyars. There were also those who pined for Habsburg Hungary, which had offered a dynastic alternative to national identity before 1918. Still others' identity remained shaped by confession as Catholic or Protestant. We conclude therefore by observing the paradoxical situation whereby Nazi-oriented extreme nationalism coexisted with instances of German national indifference in Yugoslavia until the eve of the Second World War.Item The Very Idea of Hispanic Identity(2005-08-03) Idler, Jose Enrique; Morris, Christopher W; Philosophy; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Hispanics, and similar ethnic groups, are socially and politically recognized in American society because belonging to such groups is often thought to be central to members' identities. But is "Hispanicity" central to members' identities? What is the significance of being a Hispanic? My general thesis is that contrary to the common assumption of governmental agencies, advocacy groups, policy-makers, and American society in general, belonging to the Hispanic group is not currently central to its members' identities. I develop my thesis in two parts. In chapters two through four, I address philosophical questions about membership and groups. I argue that the sort of membership that is central to group members' identities is basic. Basic membership consists of traits that are essential to someone's self-understanding, making such a person a member of a particular group. Groups in which membership is basic generally satisfy three conditions: relevant identification, differentiation, and intrinsic identification. In chapters five through seven, I then turn to Hispanic identity. I argue that given the national identities of Hispanics, membership in the Hispanic group is generally not basic. Hispanic membership is an epiphenomenon of national membership, and thus the latter is basic whereas the former is not. I also point out that Hispanic membership could be a tipping phenomenon. A process of Hispanic people-making, in which the American state plays a key role, could turn Hispanic membership into a basic one. By way of conclusion, I discuss some possible implications of Hispanic identity for American national unity and for U.S.-Latin American relations.