Theses and Dissertations from UMD
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New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM
More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.
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Item Substance Abuse Treatment Dropout: Examining the Interacting Effect of Distress Tolerance with Intention and Motivation(2015) Ali, Bina; Green, Kerry M.; Public and Community Health; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Despite the knowledge that residential substance abuse treatment completion is effective in improving outcomes among chronic substance users, a large proportion of African American residential treatment-seeking substance users experience premature treatment dropout. Previous studies have examined the predictors of early substance abuse treatment dropout; however, a deeper understanding of the conditions that influence treatment dropout among urban African American substance users is limited. Taking the perspectives of the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Stages of Change Model, and the Negative Reinforcement Model, this study examined (1) the interacting effect of intention to complete treatment and distress tolerance on treatment dropout, and (2) the interacting effect of motivation to change substance use behavior and distress tolerance on treatment dropout in a sample of urban African American treatment-seeking substance users. Data were collected from 81 African American substance users entering residential substance abuse treatment facility in an urban setting. Participants completed measures assessing intention to complete treatment, motivation to change substance use behavior, and distress tolerance, as well as measures assessing psychiatric comorbidities, impulsivity, previous treatment, treatment barriers, court-mandated treatment, and demographic information. Participants also engaged in a behavioral measure of distress tolerance. Treatment dropout data were obtained using administrative records of the treatment center. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that only the interaction between motivation and self-reported distress tolerance was significant in predicting the likelihood of treatment dropout after controlling for relevant covariates, including employment, psychiatric comorbidities, and court-mandated treatment status. Probing of this interaction effect showed that higher motivation was significantly associated with decreased likelihood of treatment dropout among substance users with higher distress tolerance, but not in substance users with lower distress tolerance. Findings of the study suggest that higher motivation and higher distress tolerance may be both necessary for reducing the risk of treatment dropout among urban African American treatment-seeking substance users. Interventions to decrease treatment dropout among substance users may benefit by incorporating motivational strategies, such as motivation interviewing, and distress tolerance skills into their programs to reduce treatment dropout.Item Psychopathic Traits, Affect, and Cocaine Use-Related Outcomes(2014) Long, Katherine; Lejuez, Carl W; Psychology; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Substance abuse and associated public health and economic consequences represent a pervasive and costly problem. Among inner-city substance users, crack/cocaine is the most common drug of choice and is associated with health compromising behaviors. Substance Use Disorders (SUDs) are more prevalent, severe, and difficult to treat among individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder (ASPD). Psychopathy is a construct which is related to but distinct from ASPD, and the relation between primary psychopathic traits and substance use is not well understood. The present laboratory experimental study of cocaine use-related outcomes in the context of mood inductions among cocaine users found that primary psychopathic traits were negatively associated with attentional bias for cocaine-related cues but not associated with self-reported craving. Assignment to the negative affect manipulation was related to greater attentional bias but not to craving. The interaction between mood condition and primary psychopathic traits was not a significant predictor of either outcome.Item SUPERVISORY STYLES, SUPERVISION OUTCOME AND COUNSELOR SELF-EFFICACY OF ADDICTION TREATMENT PROFESSIONALS(2012) Berger, Gisela P.; Holcomb-McCoy, Cheryl; Counseling and Personnel Services; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Due to the paucity of research in the addictions treatment field regarding supervision, this research study sought to examine the style, type and outcome of supervision of addictions treatment professionals and how it relates to supervisee self-efficacy. Thus, the primary purpose of this study is to quantify the addictions treatment professional's supervision outcome in relation to other variables including supervisory style, supervisory type, and demographic variables. The research questions of the present study are as follows: 1. What do addictions treatment counselors perceive as the overall supervisory style of their clinical supervisors? 2. Does the supervisory style of clinical supervisors of addictions treatment counselors predict the outcome of supervision? 3. What type of delivery style of supervision do addictions treatment counselors receive? 4. Is there a significant relationship between supervision outcome and specific demographic characteristics of addictions treatment professionals (e.g., age, years of experience, recovery status, gender, formal education)? 5. What is the relationship between perceived addictions treatment counselor self-efficacy and perceptions of supervision outcome? 6. Can supervision outcome be predicted from addiction treatment counselor perceived supervisory style and perceived self-efficacy? This study discussed the definition of supervision, types and techniques of supervision, models, and mechanisms. The supervisory relationship, supervision outcome, and supervision effectiveness were discussed in relation to other areas of mental health counseling. When discussing these areas in terms of the addictions treatment field, the lack of empirically valid research was noted. The many different types of supervision (e.g., individual, group, peer, etc.) and different styles were also discussed. Though styles have been variously defined, this research study used the supervisory styles as defined by Friedlander & Ward (1984) which include the Attractive, Interpersonally Sensitive, and Task Oriented subscales. The methodology included a pilot study to refine the instruments that were ultimately used for this study. Several changes were made to the original instruments and these changes focused mainly on defining terms used in rating supervisors. The three instruments that were used include the Supervisory Styles Inventory (SSI; Friedlander & Ward, 1984), The Supervision Outcome Questionnaire (SOQ; Worthington and Roehlke (1979) and the Counselor Self-Efficacy Scale (COSES; Melchert, et. al., 1996). A demographic questionnaire was included to gather information regarding demographic variables and supervisory style. The results indicate that supervisees have a fairly positive overall perception of the supervisory style of their supervisors. Supervisory style was found to be predictive of supervision outcome with a positive linear relationship. The delivery style of supervision for this sample was noted. There were no demographic variables that predicted type of supervision. Counselor self-efficacy was found to be not statistically significant relative to supervision outcome. A linear relationship was found between supervision style, counselor self-efficacy, and supervision outcome such that when overall supervision style increases and self-efficacy decreases slightly, then supervision outcome can be predicted. Finally, the implications for training of supervisors in the addictions treatment field was discussed as well as the implications for future research. The study's limitations were also discussed