Criminology & Criminal Justice Research Works

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/1639

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Start date: 2020End date: 2023

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    The “STICKINESS” of stigma: Guilt by association after a friend's arrest
    (Wiley, 2023-03-30) Tinney, Erin
    Prior research has examined the consequences of one's police contact, but the consequences of vicarious police contact are not as well known. This study expands on labeling theory and the concept of “stickiness” by assessing whether a friend's arrest increases the likelihood of one's police contact. Using a sample of rural youth (N = 13,170), I find that a friend's arrest is associated with an increase in the likelihood of one's first arrest the next year after accounting for other predictors of police contact. Based on my theoretical framework, I interpret this finding as “guilt by association.” In addition, ending relationships with friends who have been arrested does not significantly impact this relationship. This study concludes that police contact may be harmful for a youth's social network and builds on the concept of stickiness by suggesting that stigma not only sticks from one individual to another but may also stay despite efforts to end one's association with the arrested individual. The study expands on preexisting research on the consequences of adolescent police contact by introducing a friend's police contact as a way in which an individual may be more likely to become involved in the justice system.
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    Mothering in the streets: Familial adaptation strategies of street-identified Black American mothers
    (Wiley, 2022-05-18) Hitchens, Brooklynn K.; Aviles, Ann M.; McCallops, Kathleen
    Objective: Using components of the Family Adjustmentand Adaptation Response Model, Critical Race Feminism, and Sites of Resilience, this study explored how street-identified Black American mothers engage in street life, while juggling the pressures of child rearing, family, and home life within a distressed, urban Black community. Background: Street-identified Black American mothers are vilified for their intersecting identities of being Black women who are experiencing poverty, and who may also be involved in illegal activity. Black mothers are disproportionately represented in the criminal legal system, but existing research has inadequately examined how street-identified Black mothers “do” family in the confines of structural violence. Method: We addressed this gap by analyzing interview data with 39 street-identified Black American mothers ages 18 to 54. Data were collected using street participatory action research. Results: We identified a typology of three adaptive mothering strategies employed by street-identified Black women as they respond to and cope with violent structural conditions shaping their mothering: constrained mothering, racialized mothering, and aspirational mothering. Conclusions: Findings suggested that these strategies were developed in response to an overarching carceral apparatus, of which these mothers were tasked with avoiding when possible and confronting when necessary. Their mothering strategies were shaped by a collective, Black American cultural identity and worldview, and the mothers possessed a unique way of perceiving the world as criminalized subjects with disproportionate proximity to the punitive state.
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    Does Homicide Decrease with Globalization
    (2020-02-28) LaFree, Gary; Jiang, Bo
    Research is strongly divided on whether globalization increases or decreases homicide and interpersonal violence. Elias argued that as Western societies opened up to commerce over the past 500 years they gradually “civilized,” resulting in decreasing levels of criminal violence. By contrast, Marx famously reasoned that the capitalist spread of commerce corroded traditional values and institutions, widened the gulf between the rich and poor and increased levels of interpersonal crime. Somewhat surprisingly, we could find few direct tests of the connection between globalization and cross-national violent crime. Based on a comprehensive cross-national database on homicide and a robust set of controls, we find strong evidence that globalization over the past half century is associated with declining homicide rates.