Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Preschool Immunizations: United States, 1996–2001(2004) Chu, Susan Y.; Barker, Lawrence E.Objectives. We examined current racial/ethnic differences in immunization coverage rates among US preschool children. Methods. Using National Immunization Survey data from 1996 through 2001, we compared vaccination coverage rates between non-Hispanic White, non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and Asian preschool children. Results. During the 6-year study period, the immunization coverage gap between White and Black children widened by an average of 1.1% each year, and the gap between White and Hispanic children widened by an average of 0.5% each year. The gap between White and Asian children narrowed by an average of 0.8% each year. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic disparities in preschool immunization coverage rates have increased significantly among some groups; critical improvements in identifying, understanding, and addressing race/ethnicity-specific health care differences are needed to achieve the Healthy People 2010 goal of eliminating disparities.Item Impact of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ 4-Day Grace Period in a Low-Income Community(2003) Irigoyen, Matilde; LaRussa, Philip; Findley, Sally E; Chen, Shaofu; Caesar, Arturo; Tesler, PeterBackground: In 2002, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended vaccine doses administeredItem Feasibility of Influenza Immunization for Inner-City Children Aged 6 to 23 Months(2004) Zimmerman, Richard K; Hoberman, Alejandro; Nowalk, Mary Patricia; Lin, Chyongchiou J; Greenberg, David P; Weinberg, Stuart T; Bemm, Charles W; Block, BruceBackground: Annual influenza-related hospitalization rates of children aged <2 years in the United States are second only to those of the elderly. Yet no recommendations existed for vaccinating healthy children aged 6 to 23 months until 2002, when the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices encouraged influenza vaccination for them. This study tested the feasibility of vaccinating 6- to 23-month-old children against influenza and assessed the effect on timely receipt of other vaccines. Methods: A pre–post trial was used in urban health centers serving low-income children. Sites selected interventions from strategies proven to increase vaccination rates. Targeted patients were aged 6 to 23 months by November 30, 2002 (N=1534). Results: Influenza vaccination rates for the 2002–2003 intervention season improved significantly from 6.5% to 38.5% for the first dose (p <0.001). Second-dose rates were significantly improved over preintervention (1.9% preintervention, 13.2% intervention), but lower than first-dose rates. Mean ages at vaccination for other recommended childhood vaccines did not differ or were significantly younger (measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine [MMR] and varicella) for children who received influenza vaccine versus those who did not. Moreover, a higher percentage of influenza-vaccinated than unvaccinated children received MMR, diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis vaccine 3 (DTaP3), inactivated poliovirus vaccine 2 (IPV2), and Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib2) vaccines within a 2-month grace period of the recommended age (p <0.039), with no differences between groups for Hib1, DTaP1, IPV1, and varicella. Conclusions: With directed effort, it is possible to increase influenza vaccination at health centers serving low-income children. The addition of a two-dose vaccine was not associated with delayed receipt of other vaccines among these children.Item African-American Children Are at Risk of a Measles Outbreak in an Inner-City Community of Chicago, 2000(2002) Rosenthal, Jorge; Raymond, Dawn; Morita, Julie; McCauley, Mary; Diaz, Pam; David, Felicita; Rodewald, LanceSince the measles resurgence of 1989–1991, which affected predominantly inner-city preschoolers, national vaccination rates have risen to record-high levels, but rates among inner-city, preschool-aged, African-American children lag behind national rates. The threat of measles importations from abroad exists and may be particularly important in large U.S. cities. To stop epidemic transmission, measles vaccination coverage should be at least 80%.