Minority Health and Health Equity Archive

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769

Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.ethnic minorities

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Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
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    A qualitative case study examining intervention tailoring for minorities.
    (2010) Mier, Nelda; Ory, Marcia G; Toobert, Deborah J; Smith, Matthew Lee; Osuna, Diego; McKay, James R; Villarreal, Edna K; DiClemente, Ralph J; Rimer, Barbara K
    Abstract available at publisher's web site.
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    Cervical Cancer Screening Among Immigrants and Ethnic Minorities
    (2008) Johnson, Crista E.; Mues, Katherine E.; Mayne, Stephanie L.; Kiblawi, Ava N.
    OBJECTIVE: To systematically review all studies examining sociocultural factors influencing cervical cancer screening among immigrant and ethnic minorities in the United States along the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MEDLINE/PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, EMBASE, and Cochrane database searches were conducted searching for English language, US-based studies to examine minority and immigrant populations within the theoretical framework of the Health Belief Model. Fifty-five of more than 3,381 potentially relevant articles were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Commonly held beliefs across several cultural groups emerged including the following: fatalistic attitudes, a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer, fear of Pap smears threatening one's virginity, as well as beliefs that a Pap smear is unnecessary unless one is ill. Beliefs unique to specific cultural groups included: body-focused notions among Hispanics, as childbirth, menses, sex, and stress were considered to play a role in one's susceptibility to cancer. African Americans identified administrative processes in establishing health care as barriers to screening, whereas Asian immigrants held a variety of misconceptions concerning one's susceptibility to cancer as well as stigmatization imposed by their own community and providers. CONCLUSION: Health care providers and policy makers must be cognizant of the various sociocultural factors influencing health-related beliefs and health care utilization among immigrant and ethnic minorities in the United States. Culturally relevant screening strategies and programs that address these sociocultural factors must be developed to address the growing disparity in cervical cancer burden among underserved, resource-poor populations in the United States.
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    Delivering Quality to Patients
    (2006) Finlayson, Samuel R. G.
    IN THIS ISSUE OF JAMA, LIU AND COLLEAGUES1 REPORT THAT for several surgical procedures, a disproportionately small number of ethnic minorities and poorly insured patients receive care in high-volume hospitals, where quality of care is assumed to be superior. The authors suggest that there is a need for explicit measures to address this disparity. Although intuitively appealing, the authors’ observations and suggestions implicitly embrace 2 assumptions that deserve closer scrutiny: (1) ethnic minority and poorly insured patients would want to go to high-volume hospitals if they knew the benefits and could overcome barriers to access, and (2) volume-based referral policies are a good way to improve surgical quality.
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    HIV/AIDS Case Profile of African Americans--Guidelines for Ethnic-Specific Health Promotion, Education, and Risk Reduction Activities for African Americans
    (2003) Williams, P Bassey
    There are discrepancies in health care services for the poor and ethnic minorities in the United States. Within the past decade widespread concerns regarding the need to reform the nation's health care services, including the problem of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune syndrome (HIV/AIDS) among African Americans has continued. These inequalities have been the cornerstone of the U.S. Healthy People 2010 national priority objectives.1 The objectives focus on health and social outcomes such as low quality of life and mortality rates, poverty, lak of accessibility to and appropriateness of care, and the prevalence of certain degenerative conditions and infectious diseases. The dearth of preventive health services for the high-risk groups, particularly children, adolescents, young adults, and older African American adults undermines early intervention efforts, including prompt HIV/AIDS identification and diagnosis, prevention education, health promotion, effective substance abuse treatment, and counseling services. This work reviews the magnitude of HIV/AIDS among African Americans between 1996 and 1999 by race/ethnicity, gender, and age groups. It also addresses the major factors responsible for the continued upward trend in the distribution and rate of infectiousness of HIV/AIDS among African Americans. The study recommends and discusses culturally sensitive and ethnic-specific intervention strategies for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS among African Americans.
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    Overview of Minority Health and Health Disparities in the US
    (2006) Thomas, Stephen B; Gilbert, Keon L
    Understanding health disparities involves a critical analysis of historical, political, economic, social, cultural, and environmental conditions that have produced an inequitable health status for racial and ethnic minorities in the United States. While we also recognize that disparities exist along socio-economic status, gender, sexual orientation and other factors, this class will focus on disparities in racial and ethnic minority communities. Issues of gender, SES and other factors will be examined as they intersect race and ethnicity, and further influence disparities in health. Minority health and health disparities have gained considerable attention from the recent publication of Healthy People 2010 Report, which lists as its two goals: 1) improve the quality of life for all citizens, and 2) eliminate health disparities. The purpose of this class is to introduce basic issues that underlie health disparities. We will gain a better understanding of the relationships of social and environmental phenomena and the health of minority communities. This course will include current literature and foster discussions that will examine health disparities, explore social and environmental determinants of those disparities, critically review measurement issues, and determine public health’s response to these disparities. Students should seek to critically reflect on their personal and professional roles in eliminating health disparities. By the end of the course, students will be able to:
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    Disparities in Care for Depression Among Primary Care Patients
    (2004) Miranda, Jeanne; Cooper, Lisa A
    CONTEXT: Ethnic minorities traditionally receive less care for depression than do white populations; we examine ethnic minority care for depression in a large cross-national primary care sample. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional study of identification and treatment of depression among diverse primary care patients, using self-report of symptoms and care. SUBJECTS: One thousand four hundred and ninety-eight depressed primary care patients participating in four large studies of quality improvement for depression care are examined at baseline. RESULTS: Primary care providers recommend depression treatments for Latino and African-American patients as frequently as they do for white patients. However, Latino and African-American patients are less likely to take antidepressant medications (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21 to 0.42 and adjusted OR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.87, respectively) and Latinos are less likely to obtain specialty mental health care (adjusted OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.75). CONCLUSIONS: Primary care providers are now able to recognize depression and recommend treatment for Latino and African-American patients, with this care recommended at equal rates to that of white patients. However, Latino and African-American patients remain less likely to obtain appropriate care, such as antidepressant medications or specialty care. New approaches to improving access to appropriate care for Latino and African-American primary care patients are needed.
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    Culture Change and Ethnic-Minority Health Behavior: An Operant Theory of Acculturation
    (2004) Landrine, Hope; Klonoff, Elizabeth
    Data on acculturation and ethnic-minority health indicate that acculturation has opposite effects on the same health behavior among different ethnic groups; opposite effects on different health behaviors within an ethnic group; opposite effects on the same health behavior for the women vs. the men of most ethnic groups; and no effect whatsoever on some health behaviors for some ethnic groups. This evidence is so incoherent that it is unintelligible, and hence it continues to be largely useless to health psychology and behavioral medicine. This paper presents a new theory of acculturation that renders these confusing data coherent by predicting such changes in minority health behavior a priori. By so doing, the operant model of acculturation has the potential to improve health promotion and disease prevention and thereby reduce ethnic health disparities.
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    NIH STRATEGIC PLAN FOR AIDS RESEARCH RELATED TO RACIAL AND ETHNIC MINORITIES
    (2002) Office of AIDS, Research
    OAR has established a unique and effective model for developing a consensus on scientific priorities for the annual comprehensive NIH Plan for HIV-Related Research. To develop the FY 2003 Plan, OAR sponsored a series of Planning Workshops to seek the input of non-NIH experts, including scientists from academia, foundations, and industry, and community representatives. These experts participated with NIH scientific and program staff in Planning Groups for Natural History and Epidemiology; Etiology and Pathogenesis; Therapeutics; Vaccines; Behavioral and Social Science; Microbicides; HIV Prevention Research; Racial and Ethnic Minorities; Women and Girls and HIV/AIDS Research and International Research Priorities. A list of participants in the Planning Group for Research Related to Racial and Ethnic Minorities is found in Appendix B. Participants in each Planning Group were asked to review and revise the objectives and strategies of the draft Plan, based on the state of the science, and to identify a set of priorities for their area. All groups were asked to address needs in the areas of information dissemination, training, infrastructure and capacity building related to their area. The resulting draft Plan was then provided to each Institute and Center Director and AIDS Coordinator for recommendations and comments. Finally, the Plan was reviewed by the Office of AIDS Research Advisory Council.
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    A scheme to recruit Pakistani and Bangladeshi trainee dental nurses in a multiethnic area of Greater Manchester
    (2004) Fuller, S.S.; Bridgman, C.M.
    The primary dental care services in Oldham, Greater Manchester have established an innovative scheme to encourage diversity in primary dental care services. The scheme involves the recruitment of bilingual trainee dental nurses in order to improve accessibility and appropriateness of the services and to improve communication with Pakistani and Bangladeshi patients. The scheme has raised a number of issues for trainees, existing staff and management. However all groups evaluated the scheme as worthwhile. Achievements of the scheme include better communication, better understanding of different ethnic communities among the staff and increased confidence and employability of trainees. It is recommended that similar schemes be adopted for primary dental care and other health services in areas with significant ethnic minority populations.