Minority Health and Health Equity Archive

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769

Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.

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Subject: search.filters.subject.African American men

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Tobacco Use among Rural African American Young Adult Males.
    (2011) Carroll, William R; Foushee, Herman R; Hardy, Claudia M; Floyd, Tammi; Sinclair, Catherine F; Scarinci, Isabel
    Objective. Tobacco-related disease is a primary source of mortality for African American men. Recent studies suggest that alternative tobacco products may have supplanted cigarettes as the most common products used by young African Americans. Effective cessation strategies require community-specific prevalence data. This project measures the prevalence of 9 tobacco products among young African American men in rural Alabama. Study Design. Principles of community-based participatory research were used to design a verbally administered tobacco product survey to measure the prevalence and behavioral factors influencing use. Setting. Black Belt counties of rural Alabama. Subjects and Methods. African American men aged 19 to 30 years were recruited from the target counties. Participants were stratified by income and education level. Prevalence rates for 9 products were determined, and logistic regression analysis was performed. Results. A total of 415 participants completed surveys. Cigarettes were the most common product ever (54%) and currently (39.9%) used. Participants who attended school for more than 12 years or attended religious services were less likely to use cigarettes. Marijuana and blunts were used next most commonly. Only 35 respondents (8.9%) currently used mini-cigars. Other products, bidis/kreteks, smokeless tobacco, and pipes were used uncommonly in this sample. Conclusions. Cigarettes remain the dominant tobacco product used by young African American men in rural Alabama. Cigarette prevalence far exceeds that measured statewide for African American men of the same age. Alternative products were not commonly used in this study population. Effective community-based intervention must target cigarette initiation and cessation in this vulnerable population.
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    Psychosocial Correlates of Medical Mistrust Among African American Men
    (2010) Hammond, Wizdom Powell
    The current study proposed and tested a conceptual model of medical mistrust in a sample of African American men (N = 216) recruited primarily from barbershops in the Midwest and Southeast regions of the United States. Potential psychosocial correlates were grouped into background factors, masculine role identity/socialization factors, recent healthcare experiences, recent socioenvironmental experiences (e.g., discrimination), and healthcare system outcome expectations (e.g., perceived racism in healthcare). Direct and mediated relationships were assessed. Results from the hierarchical regression analyses suggest that perceived racism in healthcare was the most powerful correlate of medical mistrust even after controlling for other factors. Direct effects were found for age, masculine role identity, recent patient-physician interaction quality, and discrimination experiences. Also, perceived racism in healthcare mediated the relationship between discrimination experiences and medical mistrust. These findings suggest that African American men's mistrust of healthcare organizations is related to personal characteristics, previous negative social/healthcare experiences, and expectations of disparate treatment on the basis of race. These findings also imply that aspects of masculine role identity shape the tone of patient-physician interactions in ways that impede trust building processes
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    Psychosocial factors associated with routine health examination scheduling and receipt among African American men.
    (2010) Hammond, Wizdom Powell; Matthews, Derrick; Corbie-Smith, Giselle
    INTRODUCTION: African American men often fail to obtain routine health examinations, which increases the probability of disease detection, yet little is known about psychosocial factors that motivate scheduling and receipt among this group. METHODS: We used the Andersen model and theory of reasoned action as frameworks to evaluate the relative contribution of psychosocial factors to self-reported routine health examination scheduling and receipt in a cross-sectional sample of African American men (N = 386) recruited from barbershops (65.3%) and academic institutions/events (34.7%) in Michigan, Georgia, and North Carolina between 2003-2004 and 2007-2009. Participants completed measures assessing demographic factors, physical/mental health status, traditional male role norms, health-promoting male subjective norms, health value, and medical mistrust. Pearson's chi(2), analysis of variance, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate associations between these study factors and routine health examination scheduling and receipt in the past year. RESULTS: After final adjustment, the odds of scheduling a routine health examination were increased for men with a usual source of care (OR, 5.48; 95% CI, 3.06-9.78) and more health-promoting male subjective norms exposure (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.02-2.04). Higher medical mistrust (OR, 0.26;; 95% CI, 0.09-0.76) and traditional male role norms (OR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.52-0.98) reduced the odds of routine health examination receipt. The odds of routine health examination receipt were increased among men who were older (OR=1.05; 95% CI, 1.01-1.10), had a usual source of care (OR, 2.91; 95% CI, 1.54-5.51) and reported more male subjective norms exposure (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.02-2.22). CONCLUSIONS: Improving African American men's uptake of routine health examinations will require addressing medical mistrust, mitigating traditional masculine concerns about disclosing vulnerability, and leveraging male social networks.
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    Occupational Risk Factors for Selected Cancers Among African American and White Men in the United States
    (2003) Briggs, Nathaniel C.; Levine, Robert S.; Hall, H. Irene; Cosby, Otis; Brann, Edward A.; Hennekens, Charles H.
    Objectives. This study examined occupational risks for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Hodgkin’s disease, and soft-tissue sarcoma among African American and White men. Methods. Race-specific multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted using data from a large US population-based case–control study. Results. Significant occupational risks were limited to African Americans; chromium was associated with non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (odds ratio [OR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2, 12.9) and wood dust was associated with Hodgkin’s disease (OR = 4.6, 95% CI = 1.6, 13.3) and soft-tissue sarcoma (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.6, 8.6). Conclusions. Race-specific occupational risk factors for cancer were evident only among African American men. This may reflect racial disparities in levels of exposure to occupational carcinogens.
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    Article Review: Black Men With Highest Prostate Cancer Risk Have Lowest Screening Rates
    (2006) Weinrich, Sally
    African-American men with a family history of prostate cancer are the least likely to be tested for prostate cancer than African-American men without a family history, survey results suggest. Previous epidemiological studies have suggested prostate cancer occurs at a higher prevalence and with greater morbidity in African-American men than in most other racial or ethnic groups. Dr. Sally P. Weinrich, from the Medical College of Georgia in Augusta, and colleagues looked at the rates of previous digital rectal examination and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening in 134 African American men, ages 40 to 69 years, enrolled in the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC), all of the subjects had four or more relatives affected by prostate cancer.
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    Prostate Cancer Screening in High-Risk Men
    (2006) Weinrich, Sally
    BACKGROUND. There are scant data available on prostate cancer screening among high-risk African American men with positive family histories. It is important to determine whether or not their screening rates differ from those in the general population. METHODS. This study computed rates of previous digital rectal examination (DRE) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer in cancer-free (unaffected) relatives age 40–69 years from African American families that had four or more men with prostate cancer. The rates for these 134 high-risk African American men from the African American Hereditary Prostate Cancer Study (AAHPC) were compared with nationwide estimates obtained from participants in the 1998 and 2000 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), for which the numbers of demographically comparable subjects were 5583 (4900 Caucasians, plus 683 African Americans) and 3359 (2948 Caucasians, 411 African Americans), respectively. RESULTS. Men in the AAHPC cohort (with a strong positive family history) had significantly less screening than both African Americans and Caucasians in the NHIS cohorts. Only about one-third (35%) of the men in the AAHPC unaffected cohort had ever had a DRE, and only about 45% of them had ever received a PSA test. These rates were much lower than those obtained for African American men in the NHIS: 45% for DRE and 65% for PSA. These discrepancies increased with age. CONCLUSIONS. Older African American men with positive family histories report surprisingly low rates of DRE and PSA screening compared with their counterparts in the NHIS surveys. At-risk men need to be informed of the benefits and limitations of prostate cancer screening and actively involved in decision-making for or against prostate cancer screening. Cancer 2006;106:796–803.
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    Prostate Cancer Screening: A Racial Dichotomy
    (2004) Calsoyas, Isis; Stratton, M. Suzanne
    THE RACIAL DISPARITY OBSERVED IN PROSTATE cancer incidence and mortality rates between African American and white men in the United States is the subject of intense investigation. Various reports, including those of the American Cancer Society (ACS)1 and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute,2 indicate that African American men are at the highest risk for developing prostate cancer and have overall mortality rates 2-fold higher than white men. In this issue of ARCHIVES, Gilligan et al3 examine rates of prostate cancer screening in African American men compared with men of other races in the United States. Data adjusted for socioeconomic status and comorbidities in this report show that African American men are less likely to undergo routine screening for prostate cancer as recommended by the ACS, which suggests that greater efforts must be made to advocate screening in this population to reduce prostate cancer mortality.