Minority Health and Health Equity Archive

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Compensation for Injured Research Subjects
(New England Journal of Medicine, 2006) Steinbrook, Robert
The article discusses compensation options for research subjects who incur injury during medical trials. The author notes two views: those that view compensation to injured participants as an obligation and those that view compensation as not obligatory because volunteers were made aware of possible risks and consented to the study on their own. Also mentioned as topics of debate are the extent and duration of potential coverage of participants that may have been injured as well as determining if an injury is in fact a complication of the study or not.
Philosophical Reflections on Experimenting with Human Subjects
(Biomedical Ethics and the Law, 1976) Jonas, Hans
Experimenting with human subjects is going on in many fields of scientific and technological progress. It is designed to replace the overall instruction by natural, occasional, and cumulative experience with the selective information from artificial, systematic experiment which physicial science has found so effective in dealing with inanimate nature. Of the new experimentation with man, medical is surely the most legitimate; psychological, the most dubious; biological (still to come), the most dangerous. I have chosen here to deal with the first only, where the case for it is strongest and the task of adjudicating conflicting claims hardest. When I was first asked1 to comment “philosophically” on it, I had all the hesitation natural to a layman in the face of matters on which experts of the highest competence have had their say and still carry on their dialogue. As I familiarized myself with the material,2 any initial feeling of moral rectitude that might have facilitated my task quickly dissipated before the awesome complexity of the problem, and a state of great humility took its place. The awareness of the problem in all its shadings and ramifications speaks out with such authority, perception, and sophistication in the published discussions of the researchers themselves that it would be foolish of me to hope that I, an onlooker on the sidelines, could tell those battling in the arena anything they have not pondered themselves. Still, since the matter is obscure by its nature and involves very fundamental, transtechnical issues, anyone’s attempt at clarification can be of use, even without novelty. And even if the philosophical reflection should in the end achieve no more than the realization that in the dialectics of this area we must sin and fall into guilt, this insight may not be without its own gains.
China's barefoot doctor: past, present, and future
(The Lancet, 2008-10-20) Zhang, Daqing
China's long struggle with rural coverage for health care goes back to the early part of the 20th century. However, these early efforts were seen at that time as unsuccessful. 1 Although the Government tried to draft private practitioners into the rural medical service corps, 2 delivery of health care was still scarce after 1949. Health-care expenditure for 8·3 million urban citizens covered by the state was more than that for 500 million peasants in 1964. 3 After Mao Zedong criticised the urban bias of medical services and pointed out the stress placed on rural areas in 1965, 4 mobile teams of doctors from urban hospitals were sent to deliver health care and train indigenous paramedics.
The Epidemic Intelligence Service—The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Disease Detectives
(Ethics Journal of the American Medical Association, 2006-04) Hamilton, Douglas H.
The Epidemic Intelligence Service (EIS) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is a unique 2-year postgraduate program of service and on-the-job training for health professionals interested in epidemiology. Since 1951, approximately 2600 EIS officers—CDC’s “disease detectives”—have graduated from the program. In addition to the training gained through investigating disease outbreaks, natural and man-made disasters, and other public health emergencies, the program provides formal instruction to its trainees through courses in epidemiology, biostatistics, public health ethics and law, evaluation of surveillance systems, scientific writing, and prevention effectiveness. The 2-fold mission of EIS is training and service. One of the many ways that EIS delivers on its service mission is by forming the backbone of CDC’s ready-response capability. When CDC is called upon to furnish epidemiologic assistance to our public health partners both domestically and internationally, an EIS officer is often the first one dispatched to the site.
Toward Health Equity and Patient-Centeredness: Integrating Health Literacy, Disparities Reduction, and Quality Improvement. Workshop Summary
(2009) Chao, Samantha; Anderson, Karen M.; Hernandez, Lyla
Reducing disparities in diabetes among African-American and Latino residents of Detroit: the essential role of community planning focus groups.
(2004) Kieffer, Edith C; Willis, Sharla K; Odoms-Young, Angela M; Guzman, J Ricardo; Allen, Alex J; Two Feathers, Jackie; Loveluck, Jimena
Alcohol consumption and compliance among inner-city minority patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
(2000) Johnson, K H; Bazargan, M; Bing, E G
Community Health Centers and racial/ethnic disparities in healthy life.
(2001) Shi, L; Regan, J; Politzer, R M; Luo, J
Cigarette smoking in Wisconsin: the influence of race, ethnicity, and socioeconomics.
(2000) Malmstadt, J R; Nordstrom, D L; Carty, D C; Christiansen, A L; Chudy, N E; Rumm, P D; Remington, P L
Minorities Face Inadequate MH Care, Unequal Access, Satcher Says
(2000) Mulligan, Kate

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