Minority Health and Health Equity Archive

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769

Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.

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1995 - 199912000 - 20106

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Author: search.filters.author.Williams, David R.Subject: search.filters.subject.Health Equity

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Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Race, socioeconomic status, and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities
    (2010) Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A.; Leavell, Jacinta; Collins, Chiquita
    Abstract available at publisher's web site.
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    Racial and Spatial Relations as Fundamental Determinants of Health in Detroit
    (2002) Schulz, Amy J.; Williams, David R.; Israel, Barbara A.; Lempert, Lora Bex
    Abstract available at publisher's web site.
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    Changing to the 2000 Standard Million: Are Declining Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Real Progress or Statistical Illusion?
    (2001) Krieger, Nancy; Williams, David R.
    Objectives. This study determined the effects of changing from the 1940 to the 2000 standard million on monitoring socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequalities in health. Methods. Using the 1940, 1970, and 2000 standard million, we calculated and compared ageadjusted rates for selected health outcomes stratified by socioeconomic level. Results. Changing from the 1940 to the 2000 standard million markedly reduced the age-adjusted relative risks for self-reported fair or poor health status of poor Americans compared with high-income Americans. Conclusions. Public health researchers and practitioners should give serious consideration to the implications of the change to the 2000 standard million for monitoring social inequalities in health.
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    The Health of Men: Structured Inequalities and Opportunities
    (2003) Williams, David R.
    I have summarized in this article data on the magnitude of health challenges faced by men in the United States. Across a broad range of indicators, men report poorer health than women. Although men in all socioeconomic groups are doing poorly in terms of health, some especially high-risk groups include men of low socioeconomic status (SES) of all racial/ethnic backgrounds, low-SES minority men, and middle-class Black men. Multiple factors contribute to the elevated health risks of men. These include economic marginality, adverse working conditions, and gendered coping responses to stress, each of which can lead to high levels of substance use, other health-damaging behaviors, and an aversion to health-protective behaviors. The forces that adversely affect men’s health are interrelated, unfold over the life course, and are amenable to change.
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    US SOCIOECONOMIC AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH: Patterns and Explanations
    (1995) Williams, David R.; Collins, Chiquita
    This chapter reviews recent studies of socioeconomic status (SES) and racial differences in health. It traces patterns of the social distribution of disease over time and describes the evidence for both a widening SES differential in health status and an increasing racial gap in health between blacks and whites due, in part, to the worsening health status of the African American population. We also describe variations in health status within and between other racial populations. The interactions between SES and race are examined, and we explore the link between health inequalities and socioeconomic ineqality both by examing the nature of the SES gradient and by identifying the determinants of the magnitude of SES disparities over time. We consider the ways in which major social structures and processes such as racism, acculturation, work, migration, and childhood SES produce inequalities in health. We also attend to the ways in which other intervening factors and resources are constrained by social structure. Measurement issues are addressed, and implications for health policy and future research are described.
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    Does Racism Make Us Sick? 13th Annual Summer Public Health Research Institute and Videoconference on Minority Health
    (2007) Borrell, Luisa N.; Gee, Gilbert C.; Walters, Karina L.; Williams, David R.; Crayton, Stephanie L.
    Live, interactive broadcast via Internet (webcast) and c-band satellite from the UNC Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History (SCBCH).
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    Racial/Ethnic Discrimination and Health: Findings From Community Studies
    (2003) Williams, David R.; Neighbors, Harold W.; Jackson, James S.
    The authors review the available empirical evidence from population-based studies of the association between perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination and health. This research indicates that discrimination is associated with multiple indicators of poorer physical and, especially, mental health status. However, the extant research does not adequately address whether and how exposure to discrimination leads to increased risk of disease. Gaps in the literature include limitations linked to measurement of discrimination, research designs, and inattention to the way in which the association between discrimination and health unfolds over the life course. Research on stress points to important directions for the future assessment of discrimination and the testing of the underlying processes and mechanisms by which discrimination can lead to changes in health. (Am J Public Health. 2003;93:200-208)