Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Discrimination and racial disparities in health: evidence and needed research(2009) Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A.Abstract available at publisher's website.Item RACIAL DISPARITIES IN HEALTH: How Much Does Stress Really Matter?(2011) Sternthal, Michelle J.; Slopen, Natalie; Williams, David R.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Understanding and Reducing Socioeconomic and Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Health(National Academies Press, 2000) House, James S.; Williams, David R.No abstract available.Item Race, socioeconomic status, and health: Complexities, ongoing challenges, and research opportunities(2010) Williams, David R.; Mohammed, Selina A.; Leavell, Jacinta; Collins, ChiquitaAbstract available at publisher's web site.Item Neighborhood Stressors and Race/Ethnic Differences in Hypertension Prevalence (The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis)(2011) Mujahid, Mahasin S.; Diez Roux, Ana V.; Cooper, Richard C.; Shea, Steven; Williams, David R.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Racial and Spatial Relations as Fundamental Determinants of Health in Detroit(2002) Schulz, Amy J.; Williams, David R.; Israel, Barbara A.; Lempert, Lora BexAbstract available at publisher's web site.Item Changing to the 2000 Standard Million: Are Declining Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health Real Progress or Statistical Illusion?(2001) Krieger, Nancy; Williams, David R.Objectives. This study determined the effects of changing from the 1940 to the 2000 standard million on monitoring socioeconomic and racial/ethnic inequalities in health. Methods. Using the 1940, 1970, and 2000 standard million, we calculated and compared ageadjusted rates for selected health outcomes stratified by socioeconomic level. Results. Changing from the 1940 to the 2000 standard million markedly reduced the age-adjusted relative risks for self-reported fair or poor health status of poor Americans compared with high-income Americans. Conclusions. Public health researchers and practitioners should give serious consideration to the implications of the change to the 2000 standard million for monitoring social inequalities in health.Item US SOCIOECONOMIC AND RACIAL DIFFERENCES IN HEALTH: Patterns and Explanations(1995) Williams, David R.; Collins, ChiquitaThis chapter reviews recent studies of socioeconomic status (SES) and racial differences in health. It traces patterns of the social distribution of disease over time and describes the evidence for both a widening SES differential in health status and an increasing racial gap in health between blacks and whites due, in part, to the worsening health status of the African American population. We also describe variations in health status within and between other racial populations. The interactions between SES and race are examined, and we explore the link between health inequalities and socioeconomic ineqality both by examing the nature of the SES gradient and by identifying the determinants of the magnitude of SES disparities over time. We consider the ways in which major social structures and processes such as racism, acculturation, work, migration, and childhood SES produce inequalities in health. We also attend to the ways in which other intervening factors and resources are constrained by social structure. Measurement issues are addressed, and implications for health policy and future research are described.Item Self-reported Racial Discrimination and Substance Use in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Adults Study(2007) Borrell, Luisa N.; Jacobs, David R., Jr.; Williams, David R.; Pletcher, Mark J.; Houston, Thomas K.; Kiefe, Catarina I.The authors investigated whether substance use and self-reported racial discrimination were associated in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, and lifetime use of marijuana, amphetamines, and opiates were ascertained in 2000–2001, 15 years after baseline(1985–1986). Most of the 1,507 African Americans reported having experienced racial discrimination, 79.5% at year 7 and 74.6% at year 15, compared with 29.7% and 23.7% among the 1,813 Whites. Compared with African Americans experiencing no discrimination, African Americans reporting any discrimination had more education and income, while the opposite was true for Whites (all p < 0.001). African Americans experiencing racial discrimination in at least three of seven domains in both years had 1.87 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.18, 2.96) and 2.12 (95% CI: 1.42, 3.17) higher odds of reporting current tobacco use and having any alcohol in the past year than did their counterparts experiencing no discrimination. With control for income and education, African Americans reporting discrimination in three or more domains in both years had 3.31 (95% CI: 1.90, 5.74) higher odds of using marijuana 100 or more times in their lifetime, relative to African Americans reporting no discrimination. These associations were similarly positive in Whites but not significant. Substance use may be an unhealthy coping response to perceived unfair treatment for some individuals, regardless of their race/ethnicity.Item Does Racism Make Us Sick? 13th Annual Summer Public Health Research Institute and Videoconference on Minority Health(2007) Borrell, Luisa N.; Gee, Gilbert C.; Walters, Karina L.; Williams, David R.; Crayton, Stephanie L.Live, interactive broadcast via Internet (webcast) and c-band satellite from the UNC Sonja Haynes Stone Center for Black Culture and History (SCBCH).