Minority Health and Health Equity Archive
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/21769
Welcome to the Minority Health and Health Equity Archive (MHHEA), an electronic archive for digital resource materials in the fields of minority health and health disparities research and policy. It is offered as a no-charge resource to the public, academic scholars and health science researchers interested in the elimination of racial and ethnic health disparities.
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Item Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Perceptions of Bias and Cultural Competence in Health Care(2004) Johnson, Rachel L.; Saha, Somnath; Arbelaez, Jose J.; Beach, Mary Catherine; Cooper, Lisa A.Abstract available at publisher's web site.Item Perceived Discrimination and Adherence to Medical Care in a Racially Integrated Community(2007) Casagrande, Sarah Stark; Gary, Tiffany L.; LaVeist, Thomas A.; Gaskin, Darrell J.; Cooper, Lisa A.Background Past research indicates that access to health care and utilization of services varies by sociodemographic characteristics, but little is known about racial differences in health care utilization within racially integrated communities. Objective To determine whether perceived discrimination was associated with delays in seeking medical care and adherence to medical care recommendations among African Americans and whites living in a socioeconomically homogenous and racially integrated community. Design A cross-sectional analysis from the Exploring Health Disparities in Integrated Communities Study. Participants Study participants include 1,408 African-American (59.3%) and white (40.7%) adults (≥18 years) in Baltimore, Md. Measurements An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to assess the associations of perceived discrimination with help-seeking behavior for and adherence to medical care. Results For both African Americans and whites, a report of 1–2 and >2 discrimination experiences in one’s lifetime were associated with more medical care delays and nonadherence compared to those with no experiences after adjustment for need, enabling, and predisposing factors (odds ratio [OR]=1.8, 2.6; OR=2.2, 3.3, respectively; all P<.05). Results were similar for perceived discrimination occurring in the past year. Conclusions Experiences with discrimination were associated with delays in seeking medical care and poor adherence to medical care recommendations INDEPENDENT OF NEED, ENABLING, AND PREDISPOSING FACTORS, INCLUDING MEDICAL MISTRUST; however, a prospective study is needed. Further research in this area should include exploration of other potential mechanisms for the association between perceived discrimination and health service utilization.Item Death Toll From Uncontrolled Blood Pressure in Ethnic Populations: Universal Access and Quality Improvement May Not Be Enough(2008) Cené, Crystal Wiley; Cooper, Lisa A.Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number 1 cause of death globally.1 An estimated 17.5 million people died from CVD in 2005 (7.6 million from coronary heart disease and 7.6 million from stroke), representing 30% of all global deaths.2 Globally, two-thirds of stroke and one-half of ischemic heart disease are attributable to nonoptimal blood pressure. Worldwide, nonoptimal blood pressure contributes to approximately 12.8% of all deaths (7.1 million) and 4.4% of all disability-adjusted life years (64.3 million) in the year 2000. These proportions are highest in more developed countries, such as the United States and the United Kingdom.3 Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease prevalence, treatment, and outcomes are well documented in the United States, and racial and ethnic differences in hypertension are no exception.4-7 Cardiovascular disease accounts for 35% of excess overall mortality in US blacks, largely because of hypertension.8 In Europe, ethnic differences in hypertension prevalence and morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease have also been described.