De Novo ORFs in Drosophila Are Important to Organismal Fitness and Evolved Rapidly from Previously Non-coding Sequences

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dc.contributor.authorReinhardt, Josephine A.
dc.contributor.authorWanjiru, Betty M.
dc.contributor.authorBrant, Alicia T.
dc.contributor.authorSaelao, Perot
dc.contributor.authorBegun, David J.
dc.contributor.authorJones, Corbin D.
dc.date.accessioned2014-10-14T15:56:08Z
dc.date.available2014-10-14T15:56:08Z
dc.date.issued2013-10-17
dc.descriptionFunding for Open Access provided by the UMD Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund.
dc.description.abstractHow non-coding DNA gives rise to new protein-coding genes (de novo genes) is not well understood. Recent work has revealed the origins and functions of a few de novo genes, but common principles governing the evolution or biological roles of these genes are unknown. To better define these principles, we performed a parallel analysis of the evolution and function of six putatively protein-coding de novo genes described in Drosophila melanogaster. Reconstruction of the transcriptional history of de novo genes shows that two de novo genes emerged from novel long non-coding RNAs that arose at least 5 MY prior to evolution of an open reading frame. In contrast, four other de novo genes evolved a translated open reading frame and transcription within the same evolutionary interval suggesting that nascent open reading frames (proto-ORFs), while not required, can contribute to the emergence of a new de novo gene. However, none of the genes arose from proto-ORFs that existed long before expression evolved. Sequence and structural evolution of de novo genes was rapid compared to nearby genes and the structural complexity of de novo genes steadily increases over evolutionary time. Despite the fact that these genes are transcribed at a higher level in males than females, and are most strongly expressed in testes, RNAi experiments show that most of these genes are essential in both sexes during metamorphosis. This lethality suggests that protein coding de novo genes in Drosophila quickly become functionally important.en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by NSF Grant #mcb0920196 and a Royster Society Fellowship from the University of North Carolina. Open Access publication fees were provided by the University of Maryland Libraries Open Access Publishing Fund. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en_US
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.13016/M2888X
dc.identifier.citationReinhardt JA, Wanjiru BM, Brant AT, Saelao P, Begun DJ, et al. (2013) De Novo ORFs in Drosophila Are Important to Organismal Fitness and Evolved Rapidly from Previously Non-coding Sequences. PLoS Genet 9(10): e1003860. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003860en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/15847
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherPLoS Geneticsen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtCollege of Computer, Mathematical & Physical Sciencesen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtBiologyen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtUniversity of Maryland (College Park, MD)en_us
dc.subjectDrosophilaen_US
dc.subjectDrosophila melanogasteren_US
dc.subjectEvolutionary geneticsen_US
dc.subjectGene expressionen_US
dc.subjectGene predictionen_US
dc.subjectGenome evolutionen_US
dc.subjectSequence alignmenten_US
dc.subjectTestesen_US
dc.titleDe Novo ORFs in Drosophila Are Important to Organismal Fitness and Evolved Rapidly from Previously Non-coding Sequencesen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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