The Anacostia River, a tributary of the Chesapeake Bay, is highly contaminated with raw sewage, heavy metals, oil and grease, trash, pathogens, excessive sediments and organic chemicals. Many people use this river on a regular basis for recreational purposes, including kayaking, canoeing, rowing and sport fishing. The contaminants in the river potentially pose threats to human health for recreational users. While there has been some study of the exposure to subsistence fishers in this region there is currently little information available on the risks faced by recreational users. This work gathered pilot data on recreational users with the purpose of assessing any associated exposure risks to contaminants. The high levels of contamination in the Anacostia River and the popularity of recreation makes this an important public health issue. This study is the first to combine an evaluation of risk and risk perception for the recreational population of the Anacostia River.