Browsing by Author "Kolonel, Laurence N."
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Item Ethnic and Racial Differences in the Smoking-Related Risk of Lung Cancer(2006) Haiman, Christopher A.; Stram, Daniel O.; Wilkens, Lynne R.; Pike, Malcolm C.; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Henderson, Brian E.; Le Marchand, LoïcBackground There is remarkable variation in the incidence of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups in the United States. Methods We investigated differences in the risk of lung cancer associated with cigarette smoking among 183,813 African-American, Japanese-American, Latino, Native Hawaiian, and white men and women in the Multiethnic Cohort Study. Our analysis included 1979 cases of incident lung cancer identified prospectively over an eight-year period, between baseline (1993 through 1996) and 2001. Results The risk of lung cancer among ethnic and racial groups was modified by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. Among participants who smoked no more than 30 cigarettes per day, African Americans and Native Hawaiians had significantly greater risks of lung cancer than did the other groups. Among those who smoked no more than 10 and those who smoked 11 to 20 cigarettes per day, relative risks ranged from 0.21 to 0.39 (P<0.001) among Japanese Americans and Latinos and from 0.45 to 0.57 (P<0.001) among whites, as compared with African Americans. However, at levels exceeding 30 cigarettes per day, these differences were not significant. Differences in risk associated with smoking were observed among both men and women and for all histologic types of lung cancer. Conclusions Among cigarette smokers, African Americans and Native Hawaiians are more susceptible to lung cancer than whites, Japanese Americans, and Latinos.Item Stage at Diagnosis and Survival in a Multiethnic Cohort of Prostate Cancer Patients(2003) Oakley-Girvan, Ingrid; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Gallagher, Richard P.; Wu, Anna H.; Anna, Anna; Whittemore, Alice S.Objectives. We evaluated the effects of socioeconomic status and comorbidity on stage of disease and survival among 1,509 population-based prostate cancer patients. Methods. We applied logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression to data from Whites, African Americans, and Asian Americans who were diagnosed from 1987 to 1991. Results. Patients with existing comorbid conditions were less likely than those without these conditions to be diagnosed with advanced cancer. Compared with Whites, African Americans (odds ratio [OR]=1.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.1, 2.2) and foreign-born Asian Americans (OR=1.6; 95% CI=1.0, 2.4) were more likely to be diagnosed with advanced cancer. Among men with localized disease, prostate cancer death rates were higher for African Americans than for Whites (death rate ratio=2.3; 95% CI=1.2, 4.7). Conclusions. These findings support the need for further investigation of factors that affect access to and use of health care among African Americans and Asian Americans.Item Systematic Evaluation of Genetic Variation at the Androgen Receptor Locus and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Multiethnic Cohort Study(2005) Freedman, Matthew L.; Pearce, Celeste L.; Penney, Kathryn L.; Hirschhorn, Joel N.; Kolonel, Laurence N.; Henderson, Brian E.; Altshuler, DavidRepeat length of the CAG microsatellite polymorphism in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene has been associated with risk of prostate cancer in humans. This association has been the focus of >20 primary epidemiological publications and multiple review articles, but a consistent and reproducible association has yet to be confirmed. We systematically addressed possible causes of false-negative and false-positive association in >4,000 individuals from a multiethnic, prospective cohort study of prostate cancer, comprehensively studying genetic variation by microsatellite genotyping, direct resequencing of exons in advanced cancer cases, and haplotype analysis across the 180-kb AR genomic locus. These data failed to confirm that common genetic variation in the AR gene locus influences risk of prostate cancer. A systematic approach that assesses both coding and noncoding genetic variation in large and diverse patient samples can help clarify hypotheses about association between genetic variants and disease.