Browsing by Author "Buntain, Cody"
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Item Discovering Credible Events In Near Real Time From Social Media Streams(2016) Buntain, Cody; Golbeck, Jennifer; Computer Science; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)Recent reliance on social media platforms as major sources of news and information, both for journalists and the larger population and especially during times of crisis, motivate the need for better methods of identifying and tracking high-impact events in these social media streams. Social media's volume, velocity, and democratization of information (leading to limited quality controls) complicate rapid discovery of these events and one's ability to trust the content posted about these events. This dissertation addresses these complications in four stages, using Twitter as a model social platform. The first stage analyzes Twitter's response to major crises, specifically terrorist attacks in Western countries, showing these high-impact events do not significantly impact message or user volume. Instead, these events drive changes in Twitter's topic distribution, with conversation, retweets, and hashtags relevant to these events experiencing significant, rapid, and short-lived bursts in frequency. Furthermore, conversation participants tend to prefer information from local authorities/organizations/media over national or international sources, with accounts for local police or local newspapers often emerging as central in the networks of interaction. Building on these results, the second stage in this dissertation presents and evaluates a set of features that capture these topical bursts associated with crises by modeling bursts in frequency for individual tokens in the Twitter stream. The resulting streaming algorithm is capable of discovering notable moments across a series of major sports competitions using Twitter's public stream without relying on domain- or language-specific information or models. Furthermore, results demonstrate models trained on sporting competition data perform well when transferred to earthquake identification. This streaming algorithm is then extended in this dissertation's third stage to support real-time event tracking and summarization. This real-time algorithm leverages new distributed processing technology to operate at scale and is evaluated against a collection of other community-developed information retrieval systems, where it performs comparably. Further experiments also show this real-time burst detection algorithm can be integrated with these other information retrieval systems to increase overall performance. The final stage then investigates automated methods for evaluating credibility in social media streams by leveraging two existing data sets. These two data sets measure different types of credibility (veracity versus perception), and results show veracity is negatively correlated with the amount of disagreement in and length of a conversation, and perceptions of credibility are influenced by the amount of links to other pages, shared media about the event, and the number of verified users participating in the discussion. Contributions made across these four stages are then usable in the relatively new fields of computational journalism and crisis informatics, which seek to improve news gathering and crisis response by leveraging new technologies and data sources like machine learning and social media.Item Emotions in Polish and Lithuanian Social Media(2023) Paletz, Susannah B. F.; Rytting, C. Anton; Johns, Michael A.; Pandža, Nick B.; Golonka, Ewa M.; Murauskaite, Egle E.; Buntain, CodyWe applied modern psychology theory of emotions and cross-cultural psychology methods to a range of issues surrounding emotions and social media. We developed an annotation guide for three languages and identified 365 Polish and 188 Lithuanian sociopolitical entities, and we developed a consensus annotated corpus for over 3,000 Polish and over 1,500 Lithuanian Facebook posts for emotional content, primary topic, post shares, and more. This corpus represents data we intend to have as sharable that was used in papers we hope to publish. More detail can be gained by reading the methodology description and by contacting the study PI, Susannah Paletz, at paletz@umd.edu.Item Trust transfer between contexts(SpringerOpen, 2015) Buntain, Cody; Golbeck, JenniferThis paper explores whether trust, developed in one context, transfers into another, distinct context and, if so, attempts to quantify the influence this prior trust exerts. Specifically, we investigate the effects of artificially stimulated prior trust as it transfers across disparate contexts and whether this prior trust can compensate for negative objective information. To study such incidents, we leveraged Berg’s investment game to stimulate varying degrees of trust between a human and a set of automated agents. We then observed how trust in these agents transferred to a new game by observing teammate selection in a modified, four-player extension of the well-known board game, Battleship. Following this initial experiment, we included new information regarding agent proficiency in the Battleship game during teammate selection to see how prior trust and new objective information interact. Deploying these experiments on Amazon’s Mechanical Turk platform further allowed us to study these phenomena across a broad range of participants. Our results demonstrate trust does transfer across disparate contexts and this inter-contextual trust transfer exerts a stronger influence over human behavior than objective performance data. That is, humans show a strong tendency to select teammates based on their prior experiences with each teammate, and proficiency information in the new context seems to matter only when the differences in prior trust between potential teammates are small.