Yang, X.Shamma, S.A.A minimum mean square error (MMSE) estimation scheme is employed to identify the synaptic connectivity in neural networks. This new approach can substantially reduce the amount of data and the computational cost involved in the conventional correlation methods, and is suitable for both nonstationary and stationary neuronal firings. Two algorithms are proposed to estimate the synaptic connectivities recursively, one for nonlinear filtering, the other for linear filtering. In addition, the lower and upper bounds for the MMSE estimator are determined. It is shown that the estimators are consistent in quadratic mean. We also demonstrate that the conventional crossinterval histogram is an asymptotic linear MMSE estimator with an inappropriate initial value. Finally, simulations of both the nonlinear and linear (Kalman filter) estimates demonstrate that the true connectivity values are approached asymptotically.en-USmathematical modelingneural networksdetectionestimationfilteringinformation theoryneural systemssignal processingalgorithmscomputational complexityCommunicationSignal Processing SystemsTechnical Report