Calvo, Guillermo A.Végh, Carlos A.High and persistent inflation has been one of the distinguishing macroeconomic characteristics of many developing countries - particularly in Latin America - since the end of World War II. Pazos (1972) coined the term "chronic inflation" to refer the this phenomenon. In his view, chronic inflation is quite a different creature from the much more spectacular hyperinflations studied by Cagan (1956). First, unlike hyperinflations whose duration is measured in terms of months, chronic inflation may last for decades. Second, countries learn how to live with high and persistent inflation by creating various indexation mechanisms which, in turn, tend to perpetuate the inflationary process. As a result, inflation does not have an inherent propensity to accelerate and, if it does, soon reaches a new plateau.en-USinflationchronic inflationhyperinflationinflation stabilizationBOP crisesbalance of payments crisesBook chapter