African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide

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dc.contributor.authorBaker, R. B.
dc.contributor.authorWashington, H. A.
dc.contributor.authorOlakanmi, O.
dc.contributor.authorSavitt, T. L.
dc.contributor.authorJacobs, E. A.
dc.contributor.authorHoover, E.
dc.contributor.authorWynia, M. K.
dc.date.accessioned2019-08-14T15:02:20Z
dc.date.available2019-08-14T15:02:20Z
dc.date.issued2008
dc.description.abstractLike the nation as a whole, organized medicine in the United States carries a legacy of racial bias and segregation that should be understood and acknowledged. For more than 100 years, many state and local medical societies openly discriminated against black physicians, barring them from membership and from professional support and advancement. The American Medical Association was early and persistent in countenancing this racial segregation. Several key historical episodes demonstrate that many of the decisions and practices that established and maintained medical professional segregation were challenged by black and white physicians, both within and outside organized medicine. The effects of this history have been far reaching for the medical profession and, in particular, the legacy of segregation, bias, and exclusion continues to adversely affect African American physicians and the patients they serve.
dc.description.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.300.3.306
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.13016/a3hm-cgrv
dc.identifier.citationBaker, R. B. and Washington, H. A. and Olakanmi, O. and Savitt, T. L. and Jacobs, E. A. and Hoover, E. and Wynia, M. K. (2008) African American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 300 (3). pp. 306-313.
dc.identifier.issn0098-7484
dc.identifier.otherEprint ID 2525
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/23207
dc.subjectHealth Equity
dc.subjectAfrican Americans
dc.subjectAmerican Medical Association
dc.subjectblacks
dc.subjectcivil rights
dc.subjecthistory of medicine
dc.subjectminority groups
dc.subjectphysicians
dc.subjectprejudice
dc.subjectrace
dc.subjectsocieties
dc.subjectmedical
dc.subjectUnited States
dc.titleAfrican American Physicians and Organized Medicine, 1846-1968: Origins of a Racial Divide
dc.typeArticle

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