Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment

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dc.contributor.authorKozak, Zofia
dc.contributor.authorCiccarone, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorThrul, Johannes
dc.contributor.authorCole, Thomas O.
dc.contributor.authorPappas, Alexander L.
dc.contributor.authorGreenblatt, Aaron D.
dc.contributor.authorWelsh, Christopher
dc.contributor.authorYoon, Mark
dc.contributor.authorGann, Donald Jr.
dc.contributor.authorArtigiani, E. Erin
dc.contributor.authorWish, Eric D.
dc.contributor.authorBelcher, Annabelle M.
dc.date.accessioned2023-02-20T17:14:33Z
dc.date.available2023-02-20T17:14:33Z
dc.date.issued2023-02-14
dc.description.abstractDespite the widespread availability of naloxone, US opioid overdose rates continue to rise. The “Cascade of Care” (CoC) is a public health approach that identifies steps in achieving specific outcomes and has been used to identify gaps in naloxone carriage among individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD). We sought to apply this framework to a treatment-seeking population with OUD that may be more inclined to engage in harm reduction behaviors. Patients were recruited from an urban methadone program to complete a survey. We assessed naloxone familiarity, availability, obtainability, training, and possession, as well as naloxone carriage rates, demographics, and harm reduction behaviors. A multivariable logistic regression examined associations between naloxone carriage and individual-level factors. Participants (n = 97) were majority male (59%), with a mean age of 48 (SD = 12), 27% had college education or higher, 64% indicated injection drug use, and 84% reported past naloxone training. All participants endorsed familiarity with naloxone, but only 42% regularly carried naloxone. The following variables were associated with carrying naloxone: White race (aOR = 2.94, 95% CI 1.02–8.52), college education (aOR = 8.11, 95% CI 1.76–37.47), and total number of self-reported harm reduction behaviors (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.00–2.11). We found low rates of naloxone carriage among methadone-treated patients. Methadone programs provide opportunities for naloxone interventions and should target racial/ethnic minorities and individuals with lower education. The spectrum of harm reduction behaviors should be encouraged among these populations to enhance naloxone carriage.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-023-00745-6
dc.identifierhttps://doi.org/10.13016/x2av-udkf
dc.identifier.citationKozak, Z., Ciccarone, D., Thrul, J. et al. Harm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatment. Harm Reduct J 20, 17 (2023).en_US
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/29731
dc.language.isoen_USen_US
dc.publisherSpringer Natureen_US
dc.relation.isAvailableAtCollege of Behavioral & Social Sciencesen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtPsychologyen_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtDigital Repository at the University of Marylanden_us
dc.relation.isAvailableAtUniversity of Maryland (College Park, MD)en_us
dc.titleHarm reduction behaviors are associated with carrying naloxone among patients on methadone treatmenten_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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