ON THE AUTISM SPECTRUM, PARENTS ARE BLUE: REDUCING CAREGIVER STRESS AND STRENGTHENING PERCEIVED SUPPORT

Abstract

In this study, I examined how caregiver stress and perceptions of support shape the well-being of parents raising children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The purpose of this work was to identify effective strategies that reduce stress, strengthen resilience, and improve family-school collaboration. Using a systematic literature review method, I analyzed 20 peer-reviewed studies published between 2000 and 2025. The review included qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods research addressing caregiver stress, perceived support, stigma, and social support interventions. Three research questions guided the review: (1) What is the relationship between perceived support and self-reported stress among caregivers of children with ASD? (2) Which types of support -- emotional, informational, or instrumental -- are most associated with reduced caregiver stress? (3) What key characteristics of social support programs do caregivers identify as most beneficial in coping with stress?

Findings show that perceived support predicts caregiver well-being more strongly than the amount of support received. Respite care, culturally responsive education, peer-led groups, and stigma-reduction initiatives consistently reduced stress and improved resilience. To address these needs, I propose the Parent Support and Resilience Plan (PSRP), a four-part framework for schools that emphasizes immediate relief, caregiver education, peer leadership, and stigmareduction.