This paper presents a new approach to the study of cutting dynamics in microscale. The manipulation of the cutting force generated during machining is based on the characteristics of microstructures within the workpiece material being machined. Mathematical modeling of the hardness variation around the circumference of the workpiece reveals the cohesiveness between the macroscale and microscale analyses. The case study presented in this paper illustrates the procedures used to evaluate the cutting force through the microscale analysis. A model-based indirect tool wear monitoring methodology has been developed to show the potential of applying the cutting dynamics in microscale for the design of on-line quality and process control systems.