MOTIVATION FOR AND SOURCES OF ENJOYMENT FROM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN
MOTIVATION FOR AND SOURCES OF ENJOYMENT FROM PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ACROSS THE ADULT LIFESPAN
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Date
1996
Authors
Hyman, Dorothy C.
Advisor
Steel, Donald H.
Citation
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Abstract
This research describes the development and validation of measures
designed to assess physical activity motivation and physical activity
enjoyment across the adult lifespan. Two stages were used with samples
of 259 and 275 adults respectively counterbalanced for age and sex. All
respondents were currently engaged in a variety of sport and exercise
activities and settings appropriate for all age groups.
Stage one respondents completed an initial 50 - item physical
activity motivation inventory and an initial 39-item physical activity
enjoyment inventory. Results were used to identify factors and items
for physical activity motivation and enjoyment that appeared consistent
and stable across the adult lifespan in order to develop the Physical
Activity Motivation Scale (PAMS) and the Physical Activity Enjoyment
Scale (PAES). Alpha reliabilities were calculated for each sub -scale of
the PAMS and PAES, and a convenience sample (n=40) completed the PAMS
and PAES two weeks apart to determine test~retest reliabilities.
Stage two respondents completed the PAMS, PAES, the short form of
the Leisure Motivation Scale, the short form of the Leisure Satisfaction
Scale, and the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale in
order to confirm PAMS and PAES stage one factor structures, determine
the convergent and divergent validity of the PAMS and PAES, and describe
adult patterns of physical activity motivation and enjoyment across the
lifespan. Additionally, results from stage two were used to distinguish
between motivation for and enjoyment from physical activity.
The Physical Activity Motivation Scale (PAMS) consists of 22 items
and five sub-scales: Mastery and Autonomy, Social Recognition and
Rewards, Affiliation, Family, and Self-Control. The Physical Activity
Enjoyment Scale (PAES) consists of 14 items and sub-scales: Self
Rewards, Social Recognition and Rewards, and Responsibility/Family. The
PAMS and PAES sub-scales have acceptable internal consistency and testretest
reliability, share expected variance with related constructs, and
appear relatively stable and consistent across the adult lifespan.
In stage two, the relationship between motivation and enjoyment in
the physical activity setting was explored and preliminary support found
for their cyclic, yet distinguishable natures. Directions for further
research are proposed.