The future health and well-being of America is linked to how successfully we manage the health and well-being of today’s children. In this report we review recommendations for a research agenda on the disparities that affect the health and opportunities of many children and contribute to suboptimal health in adulthood. On November 6–7, 2008, a multidisciplinary group of 70 researchers, practitioners, and funders gathered in Washington, DC, to develop this research agenda for eliminating child health disparities. The meeting focused on disparities, defined as “differences in health, health care, and developmental outcomes, particularly among racial and ethnic minority groups…