Self-Directed Learning in the Workplace
Abstract
Rapid changes in workplace (e.g., technology, organizational structure)
increase the complexity of work which, in turn, increases the demand for continual
learning. Current training efforts, in which organizations sponsor employee
training in some form, are insufficient in meeting this demand for training. As a
result, organizations have embraced the principles of self-directed learning (SDL)
and encouraged employees to assume some responsibility for their own learning.
Yet, the effectiveness of SDL in the workplace has received little empirical
attention. Previous research has demonstrated that individuals high in SDL
readiness (i.e., individuals who prefer guiding and directing their own learning as
opposed to a teacher-centered format) received higher overall performance ratings.
However, researchers have not examined the effect of actual SDL experience on
either overall performance or performance in the specific area related to those SDL
experiences. While it has been maintained that SDL is an effective form of
workplace training to improve job performance, this assumption has not been
tested. The goal of the present research was to test this assertion by evaluating a
SDL program (i.e., an on-line listening skills course) currently in place. Measures
of individuals' SDL readiness, work locus of control, cognitive ability, SDL
activities, learning acquisition, and job performance were examined before and
after engaging in the SDL program. A control group was secured for comparison,
thereby providing a better test of the propositions. Results supported many of the
proposed relationships. In particular, SDL readiness and work locus of control
predicted membership in the target SDL course and the extent to which participants
engaged in the course. Participation in the listening skills course and the extent to
which they engaged in the course predicted greater learnings, which in turn
predicted improved listening skills performance three months after the completion
of the course. Implications of the results as it relates to past research, limitations of
the study, and directions for future research are discussed.