Theses and Dissertations from UMD

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://hdl.handle.net/1903/2

New submissions to the thesis/dissertation collections are added automatically as they are received from the Graduate School. Currently, the Graduate School deposits all theses and dissertations from a given semester after the official graduation date. This means that there may be up to a 4 month delay in the appearance of a give thesis/dissertation in DRUM

More information is available at Theses and Dissertations at University of Maryland Libraries.

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    The impact of dietary ions on rumen ion concentrations
    (2015) Catterton, Tracy Lynn; Erdman, Richard A; Animal Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) evaluates the strong ion balance in dairy cattle diets. We performed two experiments to study the impacts of strong dietary ions (Na, K, and Cl) on the rumen environment. Our overall hypothesis was that dietary strong ions would influence their corresponding rumen concentrations. Our objective was to determine the impact of the dietary strong ions on the rumen environment. In the first experiment, five fistulated dairy cows consumed the following treatments: (1) a basal diet composed of corn silage and alfalfa hay and then the basal diet supplemented with (2) NaCl, (3) KCl, (4) NaHCO3, and (5) K2CO3. Rumen samples were collected 0, 1.5, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, and 12 h post-feeding to measure ion concentrations, pH, and volatile fatty acid concentrations. In the second experiment, we conducted a meta-analysis of published literature that measured rumen strong ion concentrations.
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    Associations among food insecurity, dietary sodium and potassium intake levels, and hypertension: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES 2007-2010 data
    (2014) Nothwehr, Ann; Carter-Pokras, Olivia; Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
    Background: Food insecure persons may have diet patterns that include excessive sodium and inadequate potassium. These patterns contribute to greater risks of hypertension. Objective: Evaluate levels of association among food insecurity, dietary sodium and potassium intake levels and hypertension among NHANES 2007-2010 adult participants. Methods: Compared mean usual sodium and potassium intakes as well as mean usual sodium-potassium ratios for food secure and food insecure subpopulations. Developed regression models to predict intake levels and hypertension risk. Results: Mean usual sodium intake is not significantly different for food secure and food insecure participants. Mean usual potassium intake is significantly lower and mean usual sodium-potassium ratio is significantly higher for the food insecure subgroup. Controlling for age and household size, food insecure persons are 43% more likely to be hypertensive than food secure persons. Conclusion: Public health measures to decrease cardiovascular disease risk should include interventions designed for this vulnerable subpopulation.