UMD Data Collection

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http://hdl.handle.net/1903/27670

University of Maryland faculty and researchers can upload their research products in DRUM for rapid dissemination, global visibility and impact, and long-term preservation. Depositing data in DRUM can assist in compliance with data management and sharing requirements from the NSF, NIH, and other funding agencies and journals. You can also deposit code, documents, images, supplemental material, and other research products. DRUM tracks views and downloads of your research, and all DRUM records are indexed by Google and Google Scholar. Additionally, DRUM assigns permanent DOIs for your items, making it easy for other researchers to cite your work.

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Please direct questions regarding the UMD Data Collection or assistance in preparing and depositing data to the Data Services Librarian: lib-research-data@umd.edu.

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Now showing 1 - 20 of 161

2021 Slavery Law and Power XML Transcriptions
(2024) Brewer, Holly
SLP (Slavery, Law, and Power) is a project dedicated to bringing the many disparate sources that help to explain the long history of slavery and its connection to struggles over power in early America, particularly in the colonies that would become the United States. Going back to the early English Empire, this project traces the rise of the slave trade along with the parallel struggles between monarchical power and early democratic institutions and ideals. We are creating a curated set of documents that help researchers and students to understand the background to the fierce struggles over both slavery and power during the American Revolution, when questions of monarchical power, consent to government, and hereditary slavery were all fiercely debated. After America separated from Britain, the United States was still deeply influenced by this long history, especially up to the Civil War. The colonial legacies of these debates continued to affect the course of politics, law, and justice in American society as a whole. This dataset covers transcriptions from our 2021 document selection on various curated documents related to slavery, law, and power. The purpose of this set it too make these transcriptions accessible for future scholars as well as store these transcriptions in long term digital storage.
2022-2023 Slavery Law and Power XML Transcriptions
(2024) Brewer, Holly
SLP (Slavery, Law, and Power) is a project dedicated to bringing the many disparate sources that help to explain the long history of slavery and its connection to struggles over power in early America, particularly in the colonies that would become the United States. Going back to the early English Empire, this project traces the rise of the slave trade along with the parallel struggles between monarchical power and early democratic institutions and ideals. We are creating a curated set of documents that help researchers and students to understand the background to the fierce struggles over both slavery and power during the American Revolution, when questions of monarchical power, consent to government, and hereditary slavery were all fiercely debated. After America separated from Britain, the United States was still deeply influenced by this long history, especially up to the Civil War. The colonial legacies of these debates continued to affect the course of politics, law, and justice in American society as a whole. This dataset covers transcriptions from our 2022-2023 document selection on various curated documents related to slavery, law, and power. The purpose of this set it too make these transcriptions accessible for future scholars as well as store these transcriptions in long term digital storage.
30 Parent Number Input
(2024-07-15) Mix, Kelly; Cabrera, Natasha; not applicable
This dataset contains codes of parent numeracy input including number word utterances, other quantitative words, and quantitative actions or gestures based on a set of video recorded home visits conducted for a separate study (Cabrera & Reich, 2017) when children were 30 months old. The dataset also includes demographic information and children's scores on a numeracy outcome measure collected when children were 43 months on average. The parent number input codes were collected in 2022-2023 and the children’s numeracy outcome scores collected between 2020-2021.
9M Parent Number Input
(2023-04-10) Mix, Kelly S.; Cabrera, Natasha
The dataset contains parent math talk scores derived from coding of videorecorded home visits (Cabrera & Reich, 2017) completed when children were 9 months of age, as well as numeracy outcome scores collected when children were 42 months old. Coding was completed between June 2021 and December, 2022.
A Better Understanding of Atmospheric Methane Sources Using 13CH3D and 12CH2D2 Clumped Isotopes
(2024-09) Haghnegahdar, Mojhgan A.
We evaluate the use of clumped isotopes of methane (CH4) to fingerprint local atmospheric sources of methane. We focus on a regenerative stormwater conveyance (RSC) stream wetland site running through the University of Maryland campus, which emits methane due to its engineering. Air samples in the RSC were collected at different heights above the surface and at different times of the day including both early in the morning, after methane accumulated below the nocturnal boundary layer, and late in the afternoon when convection mixed air to the cloud layer. Measured Δ12CH2D2 values of air samples record mixing between locally produced methane with low D/H and ambient air. The Δ12CH2D2 of the near surface air collected at the RSC during the early morning ranges from ~+23‰ to ~+35‰ which is lower than the ~+50‰ values of tropospheric air. Mixing between background air (with Δ12CH2D2 ~+50‰) and methane captured from chamber and bubble samples, as well as produced in incubation (all with negative Δ12CH2D2), explains the observed values of Δ12CH2D2 and Δ13CH3D of near surface RSC air samples. The effect of mixing with biogenic sources on Δ13CH3D is much smaller. The findings demonstrate how methane isotopologues can be used as a tool not only to fingerprint local contributions to these greenhouse gas emissions but also to identify sources of near-surface methane hot spots.
A CloudSat and CALIPSO-based evaluation of the effects of thermodynamic instability and aerosol loading on Amazon Basin deep convection and lightning
(2023-08-14) Allen, Dale
The Amazon Basin, which plays an important role in the carbon and water cycle, is under stress due to changes in climate, agricultural practices, and deforestation. The Basin includes a rainforest in the northwest and a mix of deforested areas, savannah-type vegetation, and agriculture in the southeast. The effects of instability and aerosol loading on thunderstorms in the Basin (75-45° W, 0-15° S) were examined during mid-August through mid-December, a period with large variations in aerosols, intense convective storms, and plentiful flashes. The analysis used measurements of radar reflectivity, ice water content (IWC), and aerosol type from instruments aboard the CloudSat and CALIPSO satellites, flash rates from the ground-based STARNET network, and aerosol optical depth (AOD) from a surface network and a meteorological re-analysis. After controlling for convective available potential energy (CAPE), a measure of instability, it was found that thunderstorms that developed under dirty (high-AOD) conditions were approximately 1.5 km deeper, had 50% more IWC, and more than two times as many flashes as storms that developed under clean (low-AOD) conditions. Flash rates were also found to be larger during periods when smoke rather than dust was common in the lower troposphere, likely because these periods were less stable.
A Smart, Connected, and Sustainable Campus Community: Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensors to improve stormwater management at UMD/Greater College Park
(2024) Hendricks, Marccus D.; Si, Qianyao; Alves, Priscila B. R.; Pavao-Zuckerman, Mitchell A.; Davis, Allen P.; Burke, Tara; Bonsignore, Elizabeth M.; Baer, Jason; Peterson, Kaitlyn; Cotting, Jennifer; Gaunaurd, Pierre; Clegg, Tamara; Loshin, David; Fellow, Andrew; Keen, Taylor; Knaap, Gerrit-Jan
This dataset is part of the research project titled “A Smart, Connected, and Sustainable Campus Community: Using the Internet of Things (IoT) and low-cost sensors to improve stormwater management at UMD/Greater College Park”. We use an Internet of Things (IoT) framework along with low-cost sensors to monitor and improve stormwater management on the University of Maryland Campus. This project provides real-time data that can inform both short term responses and longer-term adaptations to stormwater surface runoff. New buildings, the Purple Line, and other developments on the UMD campus will potentially increase the amount of impervious cover and thus increases the amount of surface runoff. Furthermore, as a result of climate change, the region is expected to experience more frequent and intense rainfall events over shorter periods of time. These two factors have implications for higher quantities of water on campus, pooling water, and potential localized flooding. Stormwater issues can affect the movement of people, goods and services, campus infrastructure, and students as they walk across campus exposing their belongings, and particularly their feet to wetter conditions. As part of more sustainable development, communities and campuses across the world, are beginning to plan for adaptations within the built campus environment to mitigate both larger scale stormwater issues as well as more practical everyday concerns, including wet pathways, and to meet and evaluate the effectiveness of stormwater permitting requirements. The research objectives for this project are fourfold: (1) Install low-cost stormwater sensors that measure water levels at a number of locations across campus that include high pedestrian traffic areas and major campus arterials; (2) Develop an online database for campus water levels; (3) Train students to install and read the stormwater sensors, manage the data platform, interpret the data (4) Use the data to write adaptation plans and designs to better manage stormwater on campus and, perhaps subsequently, downstream from campus. The dataset contains clean stormwater quality and quantity measurements collected from three different sites, along with processed data that describe runoff behavior during selected rainfall events and corresponding catchment characteristics (imperviousness, slope). The spatial data files provide location information for the outfall locations and the corresponding catchment boundaries. The R code provided includes data processing, statistical analysis, and visualization steps.
An Access database of records collated from the literature about flies pollinating or at least visiting flowers, updated 2017
(2017-04-20) Inouye, David
An Access database of over 11,000 records collated from the literature about flies pollinating or at least visiting flowers (version updated as of April 2017). An accompanying EndNote bibliography of the 499 papers from which the data were obtained is also available.
Accounting for variability in a teacher’s epistemology: Resources and framing
(2018-05-31) Lau, Matty; Elby, Andrew
Annual census of flowering Frasera speciosa plants near the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Colorado
(2011-12-21) Inouye, David W.
Each year from 1979 - 2011 the number of flowering Frasera speciosa (Gentianaceae) plants visible with binoculars along approximately 14 km of County Road 317 (Gothic Road) was counted in approximately 130 meadows or parts of meadows. Plants were also counted in four areas not completely visible from the road, the “Research Meadow” at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory (a large meadow just south of Copper Creek), the townsite of Gothic, where RMBL is located, a meadow surrounding the Kyle cabin between the Gothic Road and the East River, and meadows along about 2km of the Kettle Pond Road, a dirt road that parallels the Gothic Road but on the East side of the East River (south to N38° 5268’, W106°58.2380’). The N – S road segment starts a few hundred m south of the border of the Gunnison National Forest, at the North Village valley of Mount Crested Butte (N38° 55.1582’, W106° 57.6223’), on the west side of the road, and continues to the north end of Emerald Lake (N39° 0.6949’, W107°2.5683’), shortly before Schofield Pass at the top of the East River valley. Altitude along the transect ranges from 2,920m to 3,190m, and areas included in the census extend approximately 2,850m below the road to as far as 3,322m above it, and range as far as approximately 600m from the road.
Appendices to "Colonization of thistles by biocontrol agents"
(2005-02-02T13:25:30Z) Dodge, Gary; Louda, Svata; Inouye, David
Appendices B, C, and D for a manuscript from Gary Dodge's dissertation research (Biology Department, UMCP).
Arguing about argument and evidence: Disagreements and ambiguities in science education research and practice
(2022) Tang, Xiaowei; Levin, Daniel; Chumbley, Alexander; Elby, Andrew
Science education researchers agree about the importance of evidence in science practices such as argumentation. Yet, disagreements and ambiguities about what counts as “evidence” in science classrooms pervade the literature. We argue that these ambiguities and disagreements can be viewed as falling along three fault lines: (i) the source of evidence, specifically, whether it must be first-hand; (ii) whether “evidence” must always be empirical; and (iii) the extent to which evidence is inferred, and what degree of inference transforms “evidence” into something else. In this paper, after showing how these three fault lines manifest in the literature, we argue that these three dimensions of disagreements and ambiguities are not confined to research and research-based curricula; they are also salient in teachers’ classroom practice, as illustrated by a dramatic, multi-day debate between a mentor teacher and her teacher intern. After establishing the salience of the three fault lines in both research and practice, we explore whether NGSS can provide a resolution to the teachers’ debate and to the disagreements/ambiguities in the literature. Our analysis reveals that NGSS reproduces rather than resolves those three fault lines—but in doing so, it invites a resolution of a different type. Instead of providing a single, precise, context-independent definition of “evidence,” NGSS implicitly reflects a defensible view that what counts as “evidence” depends on the epistemic aims of the practices in which the students are engaged. This implied context-dependency of what counts as good evidence use, we argue, could be made explicit in an addendum document clarifying aspects of NGSS. Doing so would provide valuable guidance to teachers, teacher educators, and researchers.
As Candidates Prepare to Debate Social Security, Americans Agree On a Path to Fix It
(2016-10-18) Kull, Steven; Ramsay, Clay; Lewis (aka Fehsenfeld), Evan; Williams, Antje
According to the Social Security Trustees’ Report, if no steps are taken by Congress to reform Social Security, its trust fund will be exhausted in 2033, and after that, the program will only be able to deliver benefits based on current receipts--which would result in a 23% benefit cut to retirees. A major reason that Social Security has not been addressed is a widespread assumption that the American public is not willing or able to face the issue and thus bringing it up is too politically risky. Social Security has been called a ‘third rail,’ implying that it is political suicide to address it. Much of the existing polling data tends to reinforce the belief that the public’s attitudes toward Social Security are too conflicted and anxious to support any kind of constructive action. While majorities believe that Social Security is headed for a crisis, when asked, in separate questions, about raising the retirement age, cutting benefits, or raising taxes, majorities often say they do not find these options appealing. Citizen Cabinet surveys take a different approach that goes beyond initial reactions. Rather than a series of separate questions, respondents go through a process called a ‘policymaking simulation’ in which they are asked to go into a problem‐solving mode. The objective is to put respondents in the shoes of a policymaker. Respondents are given a background briefing, presented arguments for and against policy options, and then finally make their recommendations.
Bilaterally Reduced Rolandic Beta Band Activity in Minor Stroke Patients - Dataset
(2022) Kulasingham, Joshua; Brodbeck, Christian; Khan, Sheena; Simon, Jonathan; Marsh, Elisabeth
Stroke patients with hemiparesis display decreased beta band (13–25Hz) rolandic activity, correlating to impaired motor function. However, clinically, patients without significant weakness, with small lesions far from sensorimotor cortex, exhibit bilateral decreased motor dexterity and slowed reaction times. We investigate whether these minor stroke patients also display abnormal beta band activity. Magnetoencephalographic (MEG) data were collected from nine minor stroke patients (NIHSS < 4) without significant hemiparesis, at ~1 and ~6 months postinfarct, and eight age-similar controls. Rolandic relative beta power during matching tasks and resting state, and Beta Event Related (De)Synchronization (ERD/ERS) during button press responses were analyzed. Regardless of lesion location, patients had significantly reduced relative beta power and ERS compared to controls. abnormalities persisted over visits, and were present in both ipsi- and contra-lesional hemispheres, consistent with bilateral impairments in motor dexterity and speed. Minor stroke patients without severe weakness display reduced rolandic beta band activity in both hemispheres, which may be linked to bilaterally impaired dexterity and processing speed, implicating global connectivity dysfunction affecting sensorimotor cortex independent of lesion location. Findings not only illustrate global network disruption after minor stroke, but suggest rolandic beta band activity may be a potential biomarker and treatment target, even for minor stroke patients with small lesions far from sensorimotor areas.
Branching activity switches actin network between connected and fragmented states in a myosin-dependent manner
(2021) Chandrasekaran, Aravind; Giniger, Edward; Papoian, Garegin
Actin networks rely on nucleation mechanisms to generate new filaments because de-novo nucleation is kinetically disfavored. Branching nucleation of actin filaments by Arp2/3, in particular, is critical for actin self-organization. In this study, we use the simulation platform for active matter, MEDYAN, to generate 2000s long stochastic trajectories of actin networks, under varying Arp2/3 concentrations, in reaction volumes of biologically meaningful size (> 20m3). We find that mechanosensitive dynamics of Arp2/3 increases the abundance of short filaments and increases network treadmilling rate. By analyzing the density-fields of F-actin, we find that at low Arp2/3 concentration, F-actin is organized into a single, connected and contractile domain, while at elevated Arp2/3 levels (10nM and above), such contractile actin domains fragment into smaller domains spanning a wide range of volumes. These fragmented domains are extremely dynamic, continuously merging and splitting, owing to the high treadmilling rate of the underlying actin network. Treating the domain dynamics as a drift-diffusion process, we find that the fragmented state is stochastically favored, and the network state slowly drifts towards the fragmented state with considerable diffusion (variability) in the number of domains. We suggest that tuning the Arp2/3 concentration enables cells to transition from a globally coherent cytoskeleton, whose response involves the entire cytoplasmic network, to a fragmented cytoskeleton where domains can respond independently to local varying signals.
CANARD: A dataset for Question-in-Context Rewriting
(2019-11-03) Ghoneim, Ahmed Elgohary; Peskov, Denis; Boyd-Graber, Jordan
In conversational question answering multiple questions in an information-seeking dialogs which requires models to link questions together to resolve the conversational dependencies between them: each question needs to be under- stood in the conversation context. For example, the question “What was he like in that episode?” cannot be understood without knowing what “he” and “that episode” refer to, which can be resolved using the conversation context. CANARD is a dataset of 40,000 questions asked in conversational contexts paired with their gold context-independent (stand-alone) rewrite.
The CARMA 3 mm Survey of the Inner 0.7 x 0.4 degrees of the Central Molecular Zone
(2017) Pound, Marc; Yusef-Zadeh, Farhad
The Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) of the Galactic Center has to date only been fully mapped at mm wavelengths with singledish telescopes, with resolution about 30 arcseconds (1.2 pc). Using the Combined Array for Research in Millimeter Astronomy (CARMA), we mapped the innermost 0.25 square degrees of the CMZ over the region between -0.2 < l < 0.5 degrees and -0.2 < b < 0.2 degrees (90 x 50 pc) with spatial and spectral resolution of 10 arcseconds (0.4 pc) and 2.5 km/s, respectively. We provide a catalog of 3 mm continuum sources as well as spectral line images of SiO(J=2-1), HCO+(J=1-0), HCN(J=1-0), N2H+(J=1-0), and CS(J=2-1) , with velocity coverage VLSR= -200 to 200 km/s To recover the large scale structure resolved out by the interferometer, the continuum-subtracted spectral line images were combined with data from the Mopra 22-m telescope survey, thus providing maps containing all spatial frequencies down to the resolution limit. We find that integrated intensity ratio of I(HCN)/I(HCO+) is anti-correlated with the intensity of the 6.4 keV Fe Kalpha, which is excited either by high energy photons or low energy cosmic rays, and the gas velocity dispersion as traced by HCO+ is correlated with Fe Kalpha intensity. The intensity ratio and velocity dispersion patterns are consistent with variation expected from the interaction of low energy cosmic rays with molecular gas.
Characterizing Low-Lying Coastal Upland Forests to Predict Future Landward Marsh Expansion
(Ecological Society of America, 2024) Powell, Elisabeth; Dubayah, Ralph; Stovall, Atticus, E.L.
Sea level rise (SLR) is causing vegetation regime shifts on both the seaward and landward sides of many coastal ecosystems, with the Eastern coast of North America experiencing accelerated impacts due to land subsidence and the weakening of the Gulf Stream. Tidal wetland ecosystems, known for their significant carbon storage capacity, are crucial but vulnerable blue carbon habitats. Recent observations suggest that SLR rates may exceed the threshold for elevation gain primarily through vertical accretion in many coastal regions. Therefore, research has focused on mapping the upslope migration of marshes into suitable adjacent lands, as this landward gain may be the most salient process for estimating future wetland resiliency to accelerated rates of SLR. However, our understanding of coastal vegetation characteristics and dynamics in response to SLR is limited due to a lack of in-situ data and effective mapping strategies for delineating the boundaries, or ecotones, of these complex coastal ecosystems. In order to effectively study these transitioning ecosystems, it is necessary to employ reliable and scalable landscape metrics that can differentiate between marsh and coastal forests. As such, integrating vegetation structure metrics from Light detection and ranging (Lidar) could enhance traditional mapping strategies compared to using optical data alone. Here, we used terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) to measure changes in forest structure along elevation gradients that may be indicative of degradation associated with increased inundation in the Delaware Bay estuary. We analyzed a set of TLS-derived forest structure metrics to investigate their relationships with elevation, specifically seeking those that showed consistent change from the forest edge to the interior. Our findings revealed a consistent pattern between elevation and the Plant Area Index (PAI), a metric that holds potential for enhancing the delineation of complex coastal ecosystem boundaries, particularly in relation to landward marsh migration. This work provides support for utilizing lidar-derived forest structural metrics to enable a more accurate assessment of future marsh landscapes and the overall coastal carbon sink under accelerated sea-level rise conditions.
Choosing your platform for social media drug research and improving your keyword filter list
(2019) Adams, Nikki; Artigiani, Eleanor Erin; Wish, Eric D.
Social media research often has two things in common: Twitter is the platform used and a keyword filter list is used to extract only relevant Tweets. Here we propose that (a) alternative platforms be considered more often when doing social media research, and (b) regardless of platform, researchers use word embeddings as a type of synonym discovery to improve their keyword filter list, both of which lead to more relevant data. We demonstrate the benefit of these proposals by comparing how successful our synonym discovery method is at finding terms for marijuana and select opioids on Twitter versus a platform that can be filtered by topic, Reddit. We also find words that are not on the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) drug slang list for that year, some of which appear on the list the subsequent year, showing that this method could be employed to find drug terms faster than traditional means.
Code and Data for "Sparse high-dimensional decomposition of non-primary auditory cortical receptive fields"
(2024) Mukherjee, Shoutik; Babadi, Behtash; Shamma, Shihab A.
Characterizing neuronal responses to natural stimuli remains a central goal in sensory neuroscience. In auditory cortical neurons, the stimulus selectivity of elicited spiking activity is summarized by a spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) that relates neuronal responses to the stimulus spectrogram. Though effective in characterizing primary auditory cortical responses, STRFs of non-primary auditory neurons can be quite intricate, reflecting their mixed selectivity. The complexity of non-primary STRFs hence impedes understanding how acoustic stimulus representations are transformed along the auditory pathway. Here, we focus on the relationship between ferret primary auditory cortex (A1) and a secondary region, dorsal posterior ectosylvian gyrus (PEG). We propose estimating receptive fields in PEG with respect to a well-established high-dimensional computational model of primary-cortical stimulus representations. These ``cortical receptive fields'' (CortRF) are estimated greedily to identify the salient primary-cortical features modulating spiking responses and in turn related to corresponding spectrotemporal features. Hence, they provide biologically plausible hierarchical decompositions of STRFs in PEG. Such CortRF analysis was applied to PEG neuronal responses to speech and temporally orthogonal ripple combination (TORC) stimuli and, for comparison, to A1 neuronal responses. CortRFs of PEG neurons captured their selectivity to more complex spectrotemporal features than A1 neurons; moreover, CortRF models were more predictive of PEG (but not A1) responses to speech. Our results thus suggest that secondary-cortical stimulus representations can be computed as sparse combinations of primary-cortical features that facilitate encoding natural stimuli. Thus, by adding the primary-cortical representation, we can account for PEG single-unit responses to natural sounds better than bypassing it and considering as input the auditory spectrogram. These results confirm with explicit details the presumed hierarchical organization of the auditory cortex.

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