College of Agriculture & Natural Resources

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The collections in this community comprise faculty research works, as well as graduate theses and dissertations.

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20 Recommended Vegetable Crops for School Container Gardens: Classification and Characteristics
(University of Maryland Extension, 2010-01) Traunfeld, Jon; Smith, Erica
This chart lists plants that can be harvested in spring or fall by name, providing information about edible parts, container depth, time to plant/harvest, difficulty to grow, flavor, and nutrition.
2014 Changes for Organic Crop Insurance
(2014-02) Goeringer, L. Paul; Lynch, Lori
2014 Farm Bill Dairy Provisions
(2014-08) Connelly, Steve
Provides an overview of the risk management options that will be available for dairy producers under the 2014 Farm Bill
2014 Farm Bill Educational Tools
(2014-08) Connelly, Steve
This presentation gives an overview of the producer tools that will be available to aid in the decision making process.
2014 Farm Bill Makes Changes to the Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program
(2015-09) Goeringer, Paul; Leathers, Howard
The Noninsured Crop Disaster Assistance Program (NAP) was established in 1994 and administered by USDA’s Farm Service Agency (FSA). NAP is a risk management tool for those producers growing crops not currently covered by a crop insurance product. The 2014 Farm Bill reauthorized NAP and made some dramatic changes to the program. NAP now offers coverage from the 50-percent level to the 65-percent level with producers able to buy-up coverage in 5-percent increments at up to 100 percent of the established market price. Prior to the 2014 Farm Bill, NAP had only allowed coverage at the 50-percent level and 55 percent of the established market price of the crop.
2014 Farm Bill Training
(2014-08) Wevodau, Bob
This presentation was presented under by the 2014 Farm Bill Workshops across MD. This presentation provides an overview of the commodity programs in the new bill.
2014 Legal Services Directory
(2014-04) Agricultural Law Section, Maryland State Bar Association
2015-16 Legal Services Directory
(2015-06) Agriculture Law Section, Maryland State Bar Association
Directory of members as of June 2015 of the Maryland State Bar Association's Agriculture Law Section.
2016 USDA Crop Insurance Update
(2016-09-13) Alston, Michael
2019 Market Facilitation Program Available to Assist Producers Trade Disputes
(2019-08-04) Millet-Williams, Nerice; Goeringer, Paul
The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Farm Service Agency (FSA) established the Market Facilitation Program (MFP) under Section 5 of the Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) Charter Act in 2018. This section authorizes CCC to assist in the disposition of surplus commodities and to increase the domestic consumption of agricultural commodities by expanding or aiding in the expansion of domestic markets or by developing or aiding in the development of new and additional markets, marketing facilities and uses for such commodities. MFP provides direct payments to producers of specific products impacted by foreign tariffs. This program has been updated for 2019 to continue to assist growers impacted by trade disputes.
Absorption and metabolism of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in rats
(2017) Gao, Boyan; Yu, Liangli (Lucy); Food Science; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Fatty acid esters of 3-monochloropropane 1,2-diol (3-MCPD esters) are a group of potential chemical toxicants. Their toxic effects primarily include nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity. To understand the toxic mechanisms of 3-MCPD esters, one of the key points is to advance the understanding of their metabolic mechanisms in vivo. This dissertation investigated 1) the absorption and kinetics of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in rats, 2) the possible metabolites of 3- MCPD 1-monopalmitate after oral administration to rats, and 3) the possible metabolic pathways of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in vivo. The greatest concentration of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in the plasma was 873.72 ng/mL (Cmax) at about 1.67 hours (Tmax) after oral administration. The concentration of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate reduced to half after 3.42 hours (t1/2). No 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate could be detected after 4 hours, which was its mean resident time (MRT). The area under curve (AUC) for 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate in rat plasma was 1676.15 h.ng/mL, which represented the maximum amount of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate absorbed into plasma under the testing conditions. Beside, 39 possible metabolites were tentatively identified in the liver, kidney, testis, brain, plasma and urine samples at 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after oral administration of 3-MCPD 1-monopalmitate to rats. In addition, five major metabolic pathways of 3-MCPD esters were derivate to evaluate their metabolic conditions in vivo. These results can greatly enhance the understanding about the absorption, distribution and metabolism conditions of 3-MCPD esters in vivo, and promote further research about the biological actions of 3-MCPD esters.
Absorption, Excretion, and Transformation of Individual Anthocyanins in Rats
(2004-08-06) He, Jian; Giusti, Monica M; Magnuson, Bernadene A; Food Science; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Anthocyanins are polyphenolics responsible for most red to purple colors in plants. Human consumption is increasing because of their potential health benefits and use as natural colorants. However, their absorption and metabolism are not well characterized. We compared anthocyanin absorption and excretion in rats receiving chokeberry, bilberry or grape enriched diet (4g anthocyanin/kg) for 13 weeks. Traces of anthocyanins and metabolites were detected in plasma. In urine, intact anthocyanins and methylated derivatives (~ 24, 8, 15 mg cy-3-gla equivalent/L urine for chokeberry, bilberry, grape) were found. High metabolite concentration suggested accumulation of methylated anthocyanins in tissue. Fecal anthocyanin extraction was maximized with aqueous methanol (60%). Anthocyanin concentration in feces ranged from 0.7 to 2g anthocyanin/kg, similar to cecal content. In the gut, anthocyanin degradation was high for glucosides, moderate for galactosides and negligible for arabinosides and xylosides. Both, glycosylation and acylation seemed to affect the bioavailability of anthocyanins in vivo.
Acid Modification of Psyllium
(2008) Pei, Xiaoyin; Yu, Liangli; Food Science; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Psyllium, a type of dietary fiber, has been shown to have various health benefits including cholesterol lowering, hypoglycemic, cancer prevention, and laxative effects. However, due to its extremely strong water-holding and gel-forming capacities, incorporation of psyllium into food products on the required amount per serving for health claim is difficult. This study evaluated the effect of acid treatment on water up-taking, swelling, gelling and bile acid binding capacities of psyllium samples. The acid treatments were conducted at different reaction temperatures (25, 37.5, and 50 °C) with different psyllium - solvent ratios (1:2.5, 1:5, 1:7.5, and 1:10 g/mL). The result showed that reaction temperature influenced the effectiveness of acid treatment on physical/chemical properties of psyllium samples significantly, while effects of different psyllium - solvent ratios were not significant. This implicated the acid modification at a high temperature might be a possible method to improve the physical/chemical properties of psyllium for incorporation in food.
Activating a 60's Modernist Plaza Using the Principles of Human Scale Design: Re-imagining HUD Plaza
(2021) Velez-Lopez, Sebastian; Sullivan, Jack; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Population growth has increased rapidly across many large American cities in the last 20 years. The growing population generates a need for quality public open space, but it also increases the development of housing making land increase drastically in value, making it harder for municipalities to acquire land for public open space projects. One strategy that cities can use to address this issue, is to leverage existing public spaces that are currently underutilized. This project explores the contemporary principles of public space and human scale design through a review of the existing literature. The principles gathered from the literature, are demonstrated by using them as the basis for re-imagining an underutilized urban public space. The project establishes a link between the research on public space design and practice, providing an example of how it can be used to create innovative ways to better utilize our existing public spaces.
Activation of the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway during the enzootic life cycle of Borrelia burgdorferi
(Springer Nature, 2012-03-23) Ouyang, Zhiming; Narasimhan, Sukanya; Neelakanta, Girish; Kumar, Manish; Pal, Utpal; Fikrig, Erol; Norgard, Michael V
The maintenance of Borrelia burgdorferi in its complex tick-mammalian enzootic life cycle is dependent on the organism's adaptation to its diverse niches. To this end, the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway in B. burgdorferi plays a central role in microbial survival and Lyme disease pathogenesis by up- or down-regulating the expression of a number of virulence-associated outer membrane lipoproteins in response to key environmental stimuli. Whereas a number of studies have reported on the expression of RpoS and its target genes, a more comprehensive understanding of when activation of the RpoN-RpoS pathway occurs, and when induction of the pathway is most relevant to specific stage(s) in the life cycle of B. burgdorferi, has been lacking. Herein, we examined the expression of rpoS and key lipoprotein genes regulated by RpoS, including ospC, ospA, and dbpA, throughout the entire tick-mammal infectious cycle of B. burgdorferi. Our data revealed that transcription of rpoS, ospC, and dbpA is highly induced in nymphal ticks when taking a blood meal. The RpoN-RpoS pathway remains active during the mammalian infection phase, as indicated by the sustained transcription of rpoS and dbpA in B. burgdorferi within mouse tissues following borrelial dissemination. However, dbpA transcription levels in fed larvae and intermolt larvae suggested that an additional layer of control likely is involved in the expression of the dbpBA operon. Our results also provide further evidence for the downregulation of ospA expression during mammalian infection, and the repression of ospC at later phases of mammalian infection by B. burgdorferi. Our study demonstrates that the RpoN-RpoS regulatory pathway is initially activated during the tick transmission of B. burgdorferi to its mammalian host, and is sustained during mammalian infection.
Active Engagement: Development of Cooking Skills for Young Adults with Autism
(2015) Bailey-Goldschmidt, Janice; Song, Hee-Jung; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Autism is a broadly defined disorder of communication and social development of neurobiological origin. While adults with autism are generally invisible in the national public health surveys, increased rates of overweight and obesity among this population are apparent and few nutrition programs have been developed for this at-risk population. The objective of the research was to test the feasibility of a community-based nutritional intervention for young adults (18- 25 years of age) with autism founded on the premise of teaching introductory cooking skills. This nutrition intervention program was guided by Hodge et al.'s conceptual framework for developing life skills and is focused on four motivational climates that contribute to autonomy, self-efficacy, social-relatedness, and preference. Active Engagement was found to be a feasible program for involving young adults with autism in their food preparation process, contributing to an improvement in their variety of diet, and promotion of fruit and vegetable consumption.
Adaptation of A/Mallard/Potsdam/178-4/83 (H2N2) in Japanese quail leads to Replication and Transmission in Chickens
(2005-05-02) Sorrell, Erin Maureen; Perez, Daniel R; Animal Sciences; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Influenza is a single stranded, negative-sense RNA virus with a segmented genome that can infect avian and mammalian species. Influenza viruses from the avian reservoir do not seem to replicate efficiently in humans upon direct transmission. Therefore, an intermediate host is involved in generating mutations to create a more transmissible or an avian-human reassortant virus. Quail have been highlighted as a potential reservoir and intermediate host of avian influenza. To assess the potential of quail as an intermediate host, A/Mallard/Postdam/178-4/83, H2N2 was tested to determine if through adaptation in quail a mallard strain can replicate and transmit in quail, as well as other avian species. After six serial passages of lung homogenate a virus arose, which replicated and transmitted directly to contact quail. When chickens were infected with this quail-adapted virus replication and transmission were observed, while no replication was noted in the chickens infected with wild type H2N2 virus.
Addressing New Stormwater Policies in the Redesign of the National Grove of State Trees at the United States National Arboretum
(2012) Kreiseder, Kory Anne; Myers, David N; Plant Science and Landscape Architecture (PSLA); Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
The National Grove of State Trees at the United States National Arboretum is in need of redesign to meet ecological and social needs. The Grove serves as a scientific and cultural landscape and can be repurposed to serve the public as an ecological demonstration for contemporary environmental issues. In an intensive effort to clean up the local rivers of the District of Columbia and the Chesapeake Bay, the two agencies of the District Department of the Environment and DC Water have enacted stormwater runoff fees, based on impervious surface fees, on all property owners located in the District of Columbia. The redesign of the Grove is compounded by the Arboretum's need to add more parking to the area where the Grove is currently located. The objective of this thesis is to reimagine the design and interpretation of the Grove as well as address the impervious area charge assessments.
Adoption of Household Stormwater Best Management Practices
(2014-02) Newburn, David A.; Alberini, Anna; Rockler, Amanda; Karp, Alison
Adrenergic receptor (ADR) genotype influences the effects of strength training on mid-thigh intermuscular fat
(2006-04-27) Yao, lili; Hurley, Ben F; Nutrition; Digital Repository at the University of Maryland; University of Maryland (College Park, Md.)
Sarcopenia results in an increase in intermuscular fat (IMF) and low density muscle (LDM), which is associated with adverse health and functional consequences. Although strength training (ST) is considered an intervention of choice for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia, little is known about its effect on IMF or LDM. Regional fat alterations resulting from exercise interventions may be influenced by adrenergic receptor (ADR) beta2 Gln27Glu and ADR alpha2b Glu¹²/Glu⁹ gene polymorphisms. To examine the influence of these polymorphisms on mid-thigh IMF, LDM and normal density muscle (NDM), we studied 46 older men and 52 older women before and after a 10-week single leg knee extension strength training (ST) program. The ST program resulted in a substantial increase in one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength (P = 0.0001) and NDM (P = 0.0001), but no significant changes in IMF and LDM in the whole group. However, IMF was significantly reduced with ST in subjects carrying ADR beta2 Glu27 (-2.3 cm², P = 0.028), but no significant change was observed with ADR beta2 Glu27 noncarriers (+1.5 cm², P = 0.14). The decrease in IMF in those with the ADR alpha2b Glu⁹ allele was approaching significance (-1.9 cm², P = 0.066), and significantly different (-2.9 cm², P = 0.043) from a nonsignificant increase in IMF in the ADR alpha2b Glu⁹ allele noncarriers. ADR beta2 Glu27 carriers who also carried the ADR alpha2b Glu⁹ allele experienced a significant loss of IMF with ST (-3.8 ± 1.6 cm², P = 0.018). These results suggest that the response of IMF to ST is influenced by ADR beta2 Gln27Glu and ADR alpha2b Glu¹²/Glu⁹ polymorphisms.

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