Browsing by Author "Kolagotla, Ravi K."
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Item Design and Implementation of Systolic Architectures for Vector Quantization(1992) Kolagotla, Ravi K.; JaJa, J.; ISRVector Quantization has emerged as an efficient data compression tool for compressing speech and image data. We develop efficient systolic architecture implementations of Tree-Search Vector Quantizers (TSVQ) and Finite-State Vector Quantizers (FSVQ). Our TSVQ architecture consists of a linear array of processors, each processor performing the computations required at one level of the binary tree. Encoding is performed in a pipeline fashion with each processor generating a portion of the path through the tree. The final processor returns the complete index. Data and control flow from processor to processor along the pipeline and no global control signals are needed. The FSVQ architecture for image coding consists of a linear array of TSVQ processors with each processor operating on a separate column of the input image. The number of processors needed depends on the latency of the TSVQ and is independent of the size of the image. We also develop implementations of Scalar and Inverse Scalar Quantizers for use in transform coding applications.Item Optimal Unified Architectures for the Real-Time Computation of Time-Recursive Discrete Sinusoidal Transforms(1992) Liu, K.J. Ray; Chiu, Ching-Te; Kolagotla, Ravi K.; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRAn optimal unified architecture that can efficiently compute the Discrete Cosine, Sine, Hartley, Fourier, Lapped Orthogonal, and the Complex Lapped transforms for a continuous input data stream is proposed. This structure uses only half as many multipliers as the previous best known scheme [1]. This architecture is regular, modular, and has only local interconnections in both the data and control paths. There is no limitation on the transform size N and only 2N - 2 multipliers are needed for the DCT. The throughput of this scheme is one input sample per clock cycle. We provide a theoretical justification by showing that any discrete transform whose basis functions satisfy the Fundamental Recurrence Formula has a second-order autoregressive structure in its filter realization. We also demonstrate that dual generation transform pairs share the same autoregressive structure. We extend these time-recursive concepts to multi-dimensional transforms. The resulting multi-dimensional structure are fully- pipelined and consist of only d 1-D transform arrays and shift registers, where d is the dimension.Item Optimal Unified Architectures for the Real-Time Computation of Time-Recursive Discrete Sinusoidal Transforms(1993) Liu, K.J. Ray; Chiu, Ching-Te; Kolagotla, Ravi K.; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRAn optimal unified architecture that can efficiently compute the Discrete Cosine, Sine, Hartley, Fourier, Lapped Orthogonal, and Complex Lapped transforms for a continuous input data stream is proposed. This structure uses only half as many multipliers as the previous best known scheme [1]. The proposed architecture is regular, modular, and has only local interconnections in both data and control paths. There is no limitation on the transform size N and only 2N - 2 multipliers are needed for the DCT. The throughput of this scheme is one input sample per clock cycle. We provide a theoretical justification by showing that any discrete transform whose basis functions satisfy the Fundamental recurrence Formula has a second-order autoregressive structure in its filter realization. We also demonstrate that dual generation transform pairs share the same autoregressive structure. We extend these time-recursive concepts to multi- dimensional transforms. The resulting d-dimensional structures are fully- pipelined and consist of only d 1-D transform arrays and shift registers.Item Systolic Architectures for Finite-State Vector Quantization(1991) Kolagotla, Ravi K.; Yu, S-S.; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRWe present a new systolic architecture for implementing Finite State Vector Quantization in real-time for both speech and image data. This architecture is modular and has a very simple control flow. Only one processor is needed for speech compression. A linear array of processors is used for image compression; the number of processors needed is independent of the size of the image. We also present a simple architecture for converting line- scanned image data into the format required by this systolic architecture. Image data is processed at a rate of 1 pixel per clock cycle. An implementation at 31.5 MHz can quantize 1024 x 1024 pixel images at 30 frames/sec in real-time. We describe a VLSI implementation of these FSTSVQ processors.Item VLSI Architectures and Implementation of Predictive Tree- Searched Vector Quantizers for Real-Time Video Compression(1992) Yu, S-S.; Kolagotla, Ravi K.; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRWe describe a pipelined systolic architecture for implementing predictive Tree-Searched Vector Quantization (PTSVQ) for real- time image and speech coding applications. This architecture uses identical processors for both the encoding and decoding processes. the overall design is regular and the control is simple. Input data is processed at a rate of 1 pixel per clock cycle, which allows real-time processing of images at video rates. We implemented these processors using 1.2um CMOS technology. Spice simulations indicate correct operation at 40 MHz. Prototype version of these chips fabricated using 2um CMOS technology work at 20 MHz.Item VLSI Implementation of a Tree Searched Vector Quantizer(1990) Kolagotla, Ravi K.; Yu, S.S.; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRThe VLSI design and implementation of a Tree Searched Vector Quantizer is presented. The number of processors needed is equal to the depth of the tree. All processors are identical and data flow between processors is regular. No global control signals are needed. The processors have been fabricated using MOSIS' 2mm N- well process on a 7.9mm x 9.2mm die. Each processor chip contains 25,000 transistors and has 84 pins. The processors have been thoroughly tested at a clock frequency of 10 MHz. These processors will be used in an adaptive image compression system to compress LANDSAT images.Item VLSI Implementation of Real-Time Parallel DCT/DST Lattice Structures for Video(1992) Chiu, Ching-Te; Kolagotla, Ravi K.; Liu, K.J. Ray; JaJa, Joseph F.; ISRThe alternate use [1] of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the discrete sine transform (DST) can achieve a higher data compression rate and less block effect in image processing. A parallel lattice structure that can dually generate the 1-D DCT and DST is proposed. We also develop a fully-pipelined 2-D DCT lattice architecture that consists of two 1-D DCT/DST arrays without transposition. Both architectures are ideally suited for VLSI implementation because they are modular, regular, and have only local interconnections. the VLSI implementation of the lattice module using the distributed arithmetic approach is described. This realization of the lattice module using 2 um CMOS technology can achieve an 80Mb/s data rate.