Health Policy & Management

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Browsing Health Policy & Management by Author "Ajayi, Damilola"

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    Analyzing the Effect of Vaping Use in Teens: A Literature Review and Proposed Solutions
    (Journal of Student Research, 2021-03-31) Ajayi, Damilola; Fuchs, Bruce; Reiss, Dana
    Teenage vaping is a major public health issue that is emerging globally. This review article examines what influences teens to use electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and vapes, including families, communities, social media, and brand marketing. Nicotine, a common component of e-cigarettes and vapes, is addictive, and teens who are using these products are starting to report negative health outcomes. After a review of the current literature, three recommendations/solutions are proposed to combat this public health issue. As teen e-cigarette use is on the rise, it is clear that the FDA and the federal government need to enforce tougher regulations on e-cigarette and vaping brands, teens need to be properly educated about these products that are on the market, and advertisements for these products need to be regulated.
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    COVID-19 public health measures and patient and public involvement in health and social care research: An umbrella review
    (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2023-03-10) Fouladi, Negin; Tchangalova, Nedelina; Ajayi, Damilola; Millwee, Elizabeth; Lovett, Corinne; Del Sordi, Alana; Liggett, Samantha; De Silva, Malki; Bonilla, Laura; Nkwonta, Angel; Ramnarine, Leah; Munoz, Allyssa; Frazer, Kate; Kroll, Thillo
    An umbrella review of previously published systematic reviews was conducted to determine the nature and extent of the patient and public involvement (PPI) in COVID-19 health and social care research and identify how PPI has been used to develop public health measures (PHM). In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on PPI in research as it offers alternative perspectives and insight into the needs of healthcare users to improve the quality and relevance of research. In January 2022, nine databases were searched from 2020–2022, and records were filtered to identify peer-reviewed articles published in English. From a total of 1437 unique records, 54 full-text articles were initially evaluated, and six articles met the inclusion criteria. The included studies suggest that PHM should be attuned to communities within a sociocultural context. Based on the evidence included, it is evident that PPI in COVID-19-related research is varied. The existing evidence includes written feedback, conversations with stakeholders, and working groups/task forces. An inconsistent evidence base exists in the application and use of PPI in PHM. Successful mitigation efforts must be community specific while making PPI an integral component of shared decision-making.
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    ‘Strategy-as-Practice’ by Personnel in Hospitals: A Scoping Review
    (2024-08-23) Jones, Brendan; Millwee, Elizabeth; Mulhall, Gabriela Irene; Ajayi, Damilola; Amon-Kotei, Nii Amon; Adeoti, Moboluwape; Din, Abdu Wakil Cyeef; Griffin, Lyndsey; Hashmi, Maryam Aslam; Schwartz, Brad E.; Fouladi, Negin; Tchangalova, Nedelina; Frazer, Kate; Kroll, Thilo; Donohoe, Carolyn
    BACKGROUND Globally, hospitals face growing demands with increasing patient acuity compounded by workforce challenges, balancing finite resources, and responding to strategic developments. Strategizing in organizations is an active process of sensing, planning, implementing, and evaluating strategy. It is recognized that there is a disconnection between strategic planning and implementation; however, little is known about how organizational context influences the strategic process or how hospital personnel engage in strategic activities. STUDY AIMS This review aimed to map the extent and breadth of strategy-as-practice peer-reviewed literature relating to hospital personnel and establish how strategizing or ‘strategy-as-practice’ is described in hospital settings, how it is used, and what gaps exist. METHODS Four databases (Business Source Complete, CINAHL, PsycINFO through EBSCOhost, PubMed) were searched from January 1st, 2018, to June 27th, 2023. All study designs were included, and language was restricted to publications in English. Records were independently screened for eligibility, followed by full-text review. Reporting follows PRISMA-ScR guidelines. RESULTS 4,719 unique records were identified, and 45 full-text papers were included. Preliminary evidence from 17 countries is reported: 27.8% of studies (12/45) report evidence from the USA. All study designs are reported. Few studies (n=4) provided a specific definition of strategizing. 53.3% (24/45 studies) report multidisciplinary team perspectives, with only three studies including patients' perspectives. Flexible approaches are critical to adopting. IMPLICATIONS Current evidence shows that when hospital personnel strategize in practice, they use a combination of planning processes, varying quality improvement tools, and methodological approaches. CONCLUSION Understanding and operationalizing strategy in a hospital setting is critical to maintaining organizational adaptability and improving performance and quality of care. Future research should focus on robust studies with longitudinal follow-up to understand the sustainability of strategizing in hospital settings and how it continues to meet the growing demands for services and activities.
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    Umbrella Review: COVID-19 Public Health Measures and Patient and Public Involvement in Health and Social Care Research
    (2023-08-10) Fouladi, Negin; Tchangalova, Nedelina; Ajayi, Damilola; Millwee, Elizabeth; Lovett, Corinne; Del Sordi, Alana; Liggett, Samantha; De Silva, Malki; Bonilla, Laura; Nkwonta, Angel; Ramnarine, Leah; Munoz, Allyssa; Frazer, Kate; Kroll, Thilo
    Background: - Patient and public involvement (PPI) in health research refers to patients and other members of the public with relevant experience contributing to design, implementation, and dissemination of research. PPI entails research being carried out ‘with’ or ‘by’ members of the public, rather than ‘to’, ‘about’ or ‘for’ them.  - Over the past decade, there has been an increased emphasis on the importance of PPI in health and social research as it provides alternative views and insights into the needs of healthcare users to improve the quality and relevance of research. - PPI enhances the efficiency, design, and quality of healthcare initiatives and facilitates decision-making regarding resource allocations and the usability of services by including information about the capabilities, needs, and priorities of local people.  - The rapid response to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in PPI being viewed as non-essential, leading to its minimal inclusion in research and, thereby, minimizing the contribution of patients, the public, and, particularly, minority groups in helping find solutions to the pandemic crisis. - Public health measures (PHM) aim to reduce the transmission, severity of illness, and death and are critical strategies to address pandemic outbreaks, therefore, PPI is crucial in building trust and acceptance in research, greater benefits for the community, new and improved services, valuable changes in practice/partnership leading to positive changes and outcomes.