The deposited data set contain: 1) Simulated two-photon imaging data under stimulus-driven and spontaneous conditions 2) Two-photon imaging data from the mouse auditory cortices (Kanold Lab, UMD) All files are in the .mat format, which can be accessed through MATLAB. The MATLAB implementation of the algorithms applied on these data are deposited on GitHub at https://github.com/Anuththara-Rupasinghe/Signal-Noise-Correlation. Descriptions: simulation_1.mat: this file contains three variables corresponding to simulated two-photon data under stimulus-driven conditions: 1) fluorescence_observations - simulated fluorescence observations (time_frame * neuron * trial) 2) ground_truth_spikes - simulated underlying ground truth spikes (time_frame * neuron * trial) 3) stimulus - the known external stimulus driving the neurons (time_frame * lag) simulation_2.mat: this file contains two variables corresponding to simulated two-photon data under spontaneous conditions: 1) fluorescence_observations - simulated fluorescence observations (time_frame * neuron * trial) 2) ground_truth_spikes - simulated underlying ground truth spikes (time_frame * neuron * trial) real_data_study_1.mat: this file contains three variables corresponding to an experiment of observing fluorescence activity from layer 2/3 of mouse primary auditory cortex, under the presentation of a random sequence of four tones: 1) cell_locations - the xy coordinates of the selected cells in the field of view (neuron * coordinate) 2) fluorescence_observations - recorded two-photon calcium fluorescence imaging traces (time_frame * neuron * trial) 3) stimulus - the applied tone sequences (time_frame * tone) real_data_study_2.mat: this file contains four variables corresponding to an experiment of comparing fluorescence activity from layer 2/3 of mouse primary auditory cortex between spontaneous and stimulus-driven conditions: 1) cell_locations - the xy coordinates of the selected cells in the field of view (neuron * coordinate) 2) spontaneous_fluorescence_observations - recorded two-photon calcium fluorescence imaging traces under spontaneous conditions (time_frame * neuron * trial) 3) stimulus - the applied white noise tone sequence under stimulus-driven condition (time_frame * tone) 4) stimulus_driven_fluorescence_observations - recorded two-photon calcium fluorescence imaging traces under stimulus driven conditions (time_frame * neuron * trial) real_data_study_3.mat: this file has two structures; L23_data and L4_data, which respectively contains data recorded from the layer 2/3 and layer 4 of the mouse primary auditory cortex, under the presentation of nine sinusoidal amplitude-modulated tones. Each structure contains recordings from several experiments, and each sub-file in the form of LX_data.experimentj (X is 23 or 4 and j = 1, .., 6) contains three variables: 1) fluorescence_observations - recorded two-photon calcium fluorescence traces (time_frame * neuron * trial) 2) stimulus - the applied tone sequences (time_frame * tone) 3) cell_locations - the xy coordinates of the selected cells in the field of view (neuron * coordinate)