This paper presents a new approach from a systems engineering perspective to integrate tool path control and surface topography generation for the quality control of machined surfaces. This approach is based on a strategic link "variability of material properties - cutting mechanics in microscale - structural dynamics of machine tools - integration of tool fibratory and geometric motions - surface topography generation. "By combining experimental and analytical work, this research provides manufacturing industry with a computer-based method to control machined surface topographies.