With the launch of Healthy People 2010 in January 2000, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) committed the nation to an overarching goal, to “eliminate health disparities.” Like the preceding Healthy People 2000 initiative, Healthy People 2010 outlines a comprehensive disease prevention and health promotion agenda. Although this goal has met with considerable support throughout the nation, upon further examination, it is clear that the term “health disparity” has been used with a number of very different meanings. Since the scope of the eliminating disparities goal for the DHHS Imitative to Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health is narrower than that of Healthy People 2010, discussion of the two goals in the same context can lead to confusion.