http://hdl.handle.net/1903/1645 Wed, 22 May 2013 01:44:02 GMT 2013-05-22T01:44:02Z http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10983 Title: Comparison of relative versus absolute pointing devices Authors: Norman, Kent; Norman, Kirk Abstract: In this study, a relative pointing device was compared with two different absolute pointing devices. Participants used a Wii Remote™ controller with the Wii MotionPlus™ attachment in three different configurations of motion sensing: Relative (6-axis: 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope), Camera Absolute (camera only), and Stabilized Absolute (camera + 6-axis). Twenty-four participants were given a series of movement tasks based on Fitts’ test to complete at three different distances. In terms of information throughput, pointing accuracy, and user preference, relative pointing was clearly superior to absolute pointing, even when absolute pointing included stabilization. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10983 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10982 Title: Discrepancy between how children perceive their own alcohol risk and how they perceive alcohol risk for other children longitudinally predicts alcohol use Authors: De Los Reyes, Andres; Reynolds, Elizabeth K.; Wang, Frances; MacPherson, Laura; Lejuez, C.W. Abstract: This paper examined discrepancies between children's self-perceptions of the riskiness of alcohol use versus their perceptions of the riskiness of alcohol use for other children, and whether these discrepancies predicted children's future alcohol use. Participants included 234 children (M=11 years, 45.3% female) who completed baseline and one-year follow-up assessments on self-perceived riskiness of alcohol use, perceived riskiness of alcohol use for other same-age children, and own past year alcohol use. When considering child age and gender, baseline alcohol use, and the individual reports of the riskiness of alcohol use, the interaction between alcohol use riskiness reports prospectively predicted greater odds of alcohol use. The highest percentage of childhood alcohol use at one-year follow-up came from those children with both low self-perceived riskiness of alcohol use and high perceived riskiness of alcohol use for other children. Children's perceptions of multiple people's risk from alcohol use result in identifying important subgroups of children at risk for early-onset alcohol use. Wed, 01 Dec 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10982 2010-12-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10603 Title: Discrepancy between how children perceive their own alcohol risk and how they perceive alcohol risk for other children longitudinally predicts alcohol use Authors: De Los Reyes, Andres; Reynolds, Elizabeth K.; Wang, Frances; MacPherson, Laura; Lejuez, C.W. Abstract: This paper examined discrepancies between children's self-perceptions of the riskiness of alcohol use versus their perceptions of the riskiness of alcohol use for other children, and whether these discrepancies predicted children's future alcohol use. Participants included 234 children (M=11 years, 45.3% female) who completed baseline and one-year follow-up assessments on self-perceived riskiness of alcohol use, perceived riskiness of alcohol use for other same-age children, and own past year alcohol use. When considering child age and gender, baseline alcohol use, and the individual reports of the riskiness of alcohol use, the interaction between alcohol use riskiness reports prospectively predicted greater odds of alcohol use. The highest percentage of childhood alcohol use at one-year follow-up came from those children with both low self-perceived riskiness of alcohol use and high perceived riskiness of alcohol use for other children. Children's perceptions of multiple people's risk from alcohol use result in identifying important subgroups of children at risk for early-onset alcohol use. Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10603 2010-01-01T00:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10602 Title: Domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) react to what others can and cannot hear Authors: Kundey, Shannon M.A.; De Los Reyes, A.; Taglang, C.; Allen, R.; Molina, S.; Royer, E.; German, R. Abstract: Recent research suggests some nonhuman primates (e.g., chimpanzees, rhesus macaques) consider what others hear when acting in competitive situations. We explored whether dogs living in private homes or sourced from an animal shelter would show this same predilection. Following an inhibition task where dogs (Canis familiaris) were commanded not to take a treat left on a plate by a human, we presented subjects with the opportunity to take food from one of two containers. These containers were located within the proximity of a human gatekeeper who was either looking straight ahead or not looking at the time of choice. One container was silent when food was inserted or removed while the other was noisy. Among pet dogs (20 total; 10 in each condition) randomly assigned to the Looking or Not Looking condition, four subjects approached the silent container in the Looking condition (binomial test: P = 0.8) while 10 approached the silent container in the Not Looking condition (binomial test: P = 0.004). We compared pet dogs’ pattern of performance between conditions using a chi-square test for independence, which indicated that dogs significantly preferred the silent container only in the Not Looking condition (Chi-square [1] = 8.8, P = 0.003). This outcome suggests dogs preferentially attempted to retrieve food silently only when silence was germane to obtaining food unobserved by the human gatekeeper. Interestingly, dogs sourced from a local animal shelter evidenced similar outcomes. Among shelter dogs (20 total; 10 in each condition) randomly assigned to the Looking or Not Looking condition, four subjects approached the silent container in the Looking condition (binomial test: P = 0.8) while nine approached the silent container in the Not Looking condition (binomial test: P = 0.02).We compared shelter dogs’ pattern of performance between conditions using a chi-square test for independence, which indicated that dogs significantly preferred the silent container only in the Not Looking condition (Chi-square [1] = 5.5, P = 0.02). This result suggests shelter dogs, like pet dogs, preferentially tried to retrieve food silently only if silence was relevant to obtaining food unobserved by a human gatekeeper. This result conflicts with other recent data suggesting that shelter dogs perform more poorly than pet dogs in tasks involving human social cues. Description: Corresponding author at: Hood College, Department of Psychology, 401 Rosemont Avenue, Room ROS 27, Frederick, MD 21701, USA. Tel.: +1 301 696 3877. E-mail address: kundey@hood.edu (S.M.A. Kundey). Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1903/10602 2010-07-01T00:00:00Z